Water Safety Plan-Based Risk Assessment of a Community Water Supply System in Ciamis, Indonesia

Authors

  • Darwin Safiu Public Health Study Program, University of Siliwangi, Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Kahfi Concentration in Health and Safety at Work, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
  • Nur Rahmah Public Health Study Program, University of Alauddin Islamic State, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • Iwan Suryadi Environmetal Health Study Program, Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Keywords:

Water Safety Plan; community water supply; risk assessment; drinking-water safety; waterborne disease

Abstract

Background: Community-managed water supply systems can be vulnerable to contamination when preventive controls are limited. Objective: To identify hazards, assess risk levels, and develop mitigation priorities for a community water supply system using the Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach from source to point of use. Methods: A mixed qualitative-quantitative case study was conducted at KKM X in Mekarjaya Village, Ciamis Regency, Indonesia. Field sanitary inspection, structured interviews with system managers, and document review were combined with semi-quantitative risk scoring using probability and impact criteria adapted from AS/NZS 4360:2004. Results: Six high-priority risk entries (scores 12-20) were identified, representing five major risk mechanisms because turbidity appeared at both source and distribution stages. The highest score involved upstream contamination from domestic waste and nearby septic systems (20). Other priorities were rainy-season turbidity, absence of disinfection, electricity-dependent supply interruption, and distribution-pipe leakage (12 each). Conclusion: WSP-based management should prioritize source protection, simple filtration, controlled chlorination, backup power, leakage control, and more frequent water-quality monitoring.

Author Biography

Muhammad Kahfi, Concentration in Health and Safety at Work, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Concentration in Health and Safety at Work

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Published

2026-08-20

How to Cite

Safiu, D., Kahfi, M., Rahmah, N., & Suryadi, I. (2026). Water Safety Plan-Based Risk Assessment of a Community Water Supply System in Ciamis, Indonesia. HIGIENE: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 11(1). Retrieved from https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/higiene/article/view/72059

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Kesehatan Lingkungan

Section

Artikel

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Copyright (c) 2026 Darwin Safiu, Muhammad Kahfi, Nur Rahmah, Iwan Suryadi

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