KEPASTIAN HUKUM KEPAILITAN TERHADAP PEMBELI UNIT APARTEMEN YANG BERIKTIKAD BAIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i1.58673Abstract
Abstrak
Hukum kepailitan dianggap berlaku ketika negosiasi damai atau restrukturisasi utang tidak berhasil, tetapi undang-undang kepailitan saat ini tidak memuat penjelasan rinci tentang faktor kepailitan atau kewajiban debitur dalam kaitannya dengan situasi keuangannya, tetapi hanya kriteria debitur untuk tidak membayar. Ketika pengembang mengajukan kebangkrutan, seringkali mengakibatkan kerugian yang signifikan bagi kreditur, terutama konsumen yang telah membayar unit rumah tetapi tidak dapat menerima penggantian melalui proses pemeliharaan, menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum yang berdampak negatif pada pembeli jika pengembang mengajukan kebangkrutan. Konsumen yang telah membayar berdasarkan Kontrak Penjualan yang Mengikat (PPJB) berisiko kehilangan sumber daya keuangan atau memperoleh saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pedoman deskriptif analitis dan didasarkan pada data sekunder dari studi bibliografi, yang meliputi materi hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepastian hukum merupakan kebutuhan mendasar untuk memastikan perlindungan hak asasi manusia dan menciptakan stabilitas sosial, dan bahwa Undang-Undang No 37/2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Utang (PKPU) perlu direvisi untuk memastikan perlindungan yang memadai bagi konsumen bonafide saat membeli rumah.
Kata Kunci: Kebangkrutan, Kepastian Hukum, UU No 37/2004.
Abstract
Bankruptcy law is implemented as a final solution when peaceful negotiations or debt restructuring efforts fail, however the existing bankruptcy regulations do not provide detailed explanations regarding the causal factors of bankruptcy or debtor obligations toward their financial condition, but merely establish the criteria that the debtor has ceased making payments. When apartment developers experience bankruptcy, this often causes significant losses to creditors, particularly consumers who have made payments for apartment units but cannot obtain fund recovery through the curator process, thereby creating legal uncertainty that disadvantages buyers when developers become bankrupt. Consumers who have completed payments based on Sale and Purchase Binding Agreements (PPJB) face the risk of losing their financial investment or property units they have purchased. This research employs a normative juridical method with descriptive analytical specifications and relies on secondary data sourced from library studies encompassing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The research results indicate that legal certainty is a fundamental requirement to guarantee the protection of human rights and create social stability, therefore revision of the Bankruptcy Law and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) No. 37 of 2004 is necessary to provide adequate protection for good faith consumers in apartment unit purchase transactions.
Keywords: Bankruptcy, Legal Certainty, Law No. 37/2004.
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