METODE SAD/FATH AZ ZARIAH DALAM PEMAHAMAN HUKUM ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i1.58777Abstract
Abstrak:
Tulisan ini membahas metode Sad/Fath Az-Zariah dalam pemahaman hukum Islam yang berperan penting dalam penerapan Ushul Fiqh untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah kontemporer. Sad Az-Zariah bertujuan untuk menutup jalan yang dapat mengarah pada kerusakan, sementara Fath Az-Zariah membuka jalan untuk kemaslahatan dengan mendukung perbuatan yang membawa kebaikan. Penelitian ini menyelidiki keduanya dalam konteks perdebatan mazhab klasik, seperti Mazhab Maliki dan Hanbali yang menerima penuh, serta Mazhab Hanafi dan Syafi'i yang lebih selektif. Perbandingan dengan metode ijtihad lain, seperti Qiyas, Istihsan, dan Maslahah Mursalah, menunjukkan peran Sad/Fath Az-Zariah dalam melindungi Maqashid Syariah—memelihara agama, jiwa, akal, keturunan, dan harta. Penerapan kedua metode ini dalam isu-isu kontemporer, seperti ekonomi syariah, kesehatan, dan sosial, menunjukkan relevansi dan fleksibilitas hukum Islam dalam menghadapi tantangan zaman. Ke depannya, disarankan untuk mendorong kolaborasi lintas disiplin dalam penerapan metode ini untuk menghasilkan fatwa yang lebih komprehensif dan dapat diterima oleh masyarakat luas.
Kata Kunci: ad Az-Zariah, Fath Az-Zariah, Ushul Fiqh, Maqashid Syariah, Ijtihad
Abstract:
This article discusses the Sad/Fath Az-Zariah method in understanding Islamic law which plays an important role in the application of Ushul Fiqh to overcome contemporary problems. Sad Az-Zariah aims to close paths that can lead to damage, while Fath Az-Zariah opens paths for benefit by supporting actions that bring goodness. This research investigates both in the context of debates between classical schools of thought, such as the Maliki and Hanbali schools which fully accept them, as well as the more selective Hanafi and Shafi'i schools. Comparison with other ijtihad methods, such as Qiyas, Istihsan, and Maslahah Murlahah, shows the role of Sad/Fath Az-Zariah in protecting Maqashid Syariah—protecting religion, soul, mind, descendants, and property. The application of these two methods to contemporary issues, such as sharia economics, health and social affairs, shows the relevance and flexibility of Islamic law in facing the challenges of the times. In the future, it is recommended to encourage cross-disciplinary collaboration in the application of this method to produce fatwas that are more comprehensive and acceptable to the wider community.
Keywords: ad Az-Zariah, Fath Az-Zariah, Usul Fiqh, Maqashid Syariah, Ijtihad
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