HUKUMAN MATI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM KONTEMPORER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i1.58821Abstract
Abstrak
Artikel ini mengkaji penerapan hukuman mati dalam perspektif hukum Islam kontemporer dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-normatif. Data primer diperoleh dari Al‑Qur’an, Hadis, kitab ushul fiqh, serta peraturan perundang‑undangan nasional seperti KUHP dan UU pelaksanaan hukuman mati. Data sekunder terdiri dari literatur seperti jurnal, tesis, dan studi komparatif tentang hudud, qisas, ta‘zīr, serta teori maqāṣid al‑Sharī‘ah. Analisis menggunakan content analysis dengan metode deduktif‑induktif, dibingkai oleh pendekatan ushul fiqh dan maqāṣid al‑Sharī‘ah untuk menilai relevansi syariat dalam konteks modern. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penerapan hukuman mati harus memenuhi prinsip keadilan, perlindungan maqāṣid, dan penghormatan hak asasi manusia. Kajian ini merekomendasikan kebutuhan terhadap ijtihād kontemporer dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara syariat, kemaslahatan sosial, dan norma internasional.
Kata kunci: hukuman mati, hukum Islam kontemporer, maqāṣid al‑Sharī‘ah, hudud, qisas, ta‘zīr, ijtihād.
Abstract
This article analyzes the implementation of the death penalty within a contemporary Islamic legal perspective using a qualitative-normative approach. Primary data are derived from the Qur’an, Hadith, ushul fiqh texts, and national legislation such as the Criminal Code and death penalty laws. Secondary data include literature reviews, theses, and comparative studies on hudud, qisas, ta‘zīr, and maqāṣid al‑Sharī‘ah theory. Analysis is conducted through content analysis with deductive-inductive methods, framed by ushul fiqh and maqāṣid al‑Sharī‘ah approaches to assess the relevance of Sharia in a modern context. The results indicate that the application of the death penalty must uphold principles of justice, maqāṣid protection, and respect for human rights. This study recommends the need for contemporary ijtihād to balance Sharia, social welfare, and international norms.
Keywords: death penalty, contemporary Islamic law, maqāṣid al‑Sharī‘ah, hudud, qisas, ta‘zīr, ijtihād.
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