TEORI PEMBERLAKUAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji “Teori Pemberlakuan Hukum Islam di Indonesia”, dengan fokus historis, teoretis, dan kontemporer. Pendekatan kualitatif kombinatif digunakan—menggabungkan analisis normatif-yuridis terhadap Al-Qur’an, Hadis, fatwa DSN‑MUI, Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), dan qanun Aceh; komparatif antara teori kredo, receptio, dan eksistensi; serta empirik-sosiologis melalui wawancara dengan hakim agama, anggota tim penyusun KHI, dan praktisi hukum Islam. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan hukum Islam di Indonesia dipengaruhi secara simultan oleh kesepakatan individu Muslim (kredo), sejarah penerimaan masyarakat (receptio), serta keberlanjutan sosial-politik (eksistensi). Namun, pluralitas sistem hukum nasional, keragaman budaya, serta tantangan konstitusional dan HAM menuntut model pemberlakuan yang lebih adaptif dan integratif. Rekomendasi penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya harmonisasi norma, dialog lintas-agama, dan penguatan kerangka legal yang menghormati prinsip maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, agar hukum Islam dapat berfungsi secara efektif dan adil dalam kerangka negara plural.

Kata kunci: Hukum Islam, pemberlakuan, teori kredo, receptio, eksistensi, pluralisme hukum, maqāṣid al‑syarī‘ah, Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines the "Theory of Islamic Law Implementation in Indonesia", focusing on historical evolution, theoretical frameworks, and contemporary relevance. A qualitative mixed-methods approach was employed—normative-legal analysis of primary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, DSN-MUI fatwas, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), and Aceh’s qanun; comparative analysis of the credal, receptio, and existence theories; and empirical-sociological research through interviews with religious court judges, members of the KHI drafting team, and Islamic legal practitioners. Findings indicate that Islamic law implementation in Indonesia is simultaneously shaped by individual affirmation (credal), communal acceptance (receptio), and socio-political continuity (existence). Nevertheless, the pluralistic legal system, cultural diversity, and constitutional and human rights challenges call for a more adaptive and integrative implementation model. This study recommends harmonizing norms, promoting interfaith dialogue, and strengthening legal frameworks that respect maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah principles, to enable effective and equitable functioning of Islamic law within a pluralist state.

Keywords: Islamic law, law implementation, credal theory, receptio, existence theory, legal pluralism, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, Indonesia