STUDI LITERATUR TENTANG TRANSAKSI KEUANGAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.59621Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji prinsip-prinsip dasar dan bentuk-bentuk transaksi keuangan dalam perspektif Islam melalui pendekatan studi literatur. Dalam Islam, transaksi keuangan merupakan bagian dari muamalah yang diatur secara rinci untuk menjamin keadilan, menghindari penipuan, serta menghindari unsur riba, gharar, dan maysir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan mengkaji berbagai sumber literatur klasik dan kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk transaksi seperti kafalah (penjaminan), muzayyada (lelang), urbun (uang muka), suftajah (wesel), umum balwa (kondisi darurat umum), dan qabd (penguasaan barang) merupakan instrumen penting dalam sistem keuangan syariah. Setiap akad memiliki karakteristik dan fungsi tersendiri yang tetap relevan untuk diterapkan dalam konteks ekonomi modern. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa transaksi keuangan Islam tidak hanya memiliki dimensi hukum, tetapi juga mengedepankan nilai-nilai moral dan sosial sebagai landasan sistem ekonomi yang adil dan berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Transaksi Keuangan, Islam, Akad Syariah, Studi Literatur, Ekonomi Syariah
Abstract
This study aims to examine the basic principles and forms of financial transactions from an Islamic perspective through a literature study approach. In Islam, financial transactions are part of muamalah (contracts) that are regulated in detail to ensure justice, avoid fraud, and avoid elements of usury, gharar, and maysir. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by reviewing various classical and contemporary literary sources. The results show that forms of transactions such as kafalah (guarantee), muzayyada (auction), urbun (down payment), suftajah (bill of exchange), umum balwa (general emergency conditions), and qabd (control of goods) are important instruments in the Islamic financial system. Each contract has its own characteristics and functions that remain relevant for application in the modern economic context. This study emphasizes that Islamic financial transactions not only have a legal dimension, but also prioritize moral and social values as the foundation of a just and sustainable economic system.
Keywords: Financial Transactions, Islam, Sharia Contracts, Literature Studies, Sharia Economics
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