TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH TERHADAP PRAKTIK POTONGAN DALAM PENARIKAN TABUNGAN DI PASAR PANJANG KECAMATAN PANJANG KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.62348Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji praktik potongan dalam penarikan tabungan di Pasar Panjang, Kecamatan Panjang, Kota Bandar Lampung, dari perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah. Tabungan nonformal yang dikelola sejak 2020 ini menggunakan akad Ijarah dengan potongan standar 4% (Rp40.000) dari setiap penarikan Rp1.000.000 sebagai imbalan jasa pengelolaan. Namun, ditemukan variasi potongan sebesar 2,5% (Rp25.000) dan 3,5% (Rp35.000) untuk sebagian penabung yang diduga dipengaruhi kedekatan personal dengan pengelola. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun akad Ijarah yang digunakan sah menurut syariah, penerapannya belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan prinsip ekonomi Islam, terutama keadilan (al-'adl), keterbukaan, kerelaan (taradhi), dan bebas dari ketidakjelasan (gharar). Perbedaan potongan yang tidak diinformasikan secara terbuka menunjukkan ketidakadilan dan bertentangan dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang Pembiayaan Ijarah yang menekankan kejelasan upah (ujrah) sejak awal akad. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa sistem tabungan tersebut perlu direformasi agar lebih adil, transparan, dan konsisten dengan prinsip syariah, sehingga mencerminkan nilai kejujuran, keadilan, dan tanggung jawab dalam pengelolaan keuangan masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Potongan Tabungan, Akad Ijarah, Keadilan, Transparansi, Pasar Tradisional
Abstract
This study examines the deduction practices in savings withdrawal at Pasar Panjang, Panjang District, Bandar Lampung City, from an Islamic economic law perspective. This informal savings scheme, managed since 2020, employs an Ijarah contract with a standard 4% deduction (Rp40,000) from every Rp1,000,000 withdrawal as a management service fee. However, variations in deduction rates of 2.5% (Rp25,000) and 3.5% (Rp35,000) were found for certain savers, allegedly influenced by personal closeness to the manager. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. Results indicate that although the Ijarah contract used is valid according to sharia, its implementation does not fully reflect Islamic economic principles, particularly justice (al-'adl), transparency, mutual consent (taradhi), and freedom from uncertainty (gharar). The undisclosed differential deductions demonstrate injustice and contradict DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 on Ijarah Financing, which emphasizes clear wage (ujrah) specification from the contract's inception. The study concludes that the savings system requires reform to become more equitable, transparent, and consistent with sharia principles, thereby reflecting values of honesty, justice, and responsibility in community financial management.
Keywords: Islamic Economic Law, Savings Deductions, Ijarah Contract, Justice, Transparency, Traditional Market.
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