PEDOMAN DAN KONSEP PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM TENTANG KEPEMILIKAN STUDI PEMAHAMAN SALAF AL UMMAH TENTANG KEPEMILIKAN DALAM ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.62731Abstract
AbstrakKepemilikan merupakan salah satu isu yang fundamental dalam pemikiran Islam. Hal ini terjadi karena berkaitan dengan tidak hanya hubungan manusia dengan manusia lainnya, harta, sosial dan lingkungan, lebih dari itu, semua yang terkait dengan manusia pasti terhubung dengan Al Khaliq, Sang Pencipta, Allah SWT. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep kepemilikan dalam Islam melalui tinjauan normatif-teologis salaf dengan perbandingan analisis realitas kontemporer. Harapannya, kajian ini dapat menjadi pedoman dan dasar-dasar fikih terkait kepemilikan dan manfaatnya bagi manusia, dulu, kini, besok dan selamanya. Untuk memudahkannya, kajian ini dilakukan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kajian pustaka. Analisis dilakukan secara normatif-filosofis terhadap literatur fikih klasik dan kontemporer, termasuk pendapat para ulama salaf dan kontemporer serta hasil dari diskusi-diskusi mereka, kaidah fikih, dan fatwa-fatwa para ahli ilmu. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa Islam memandang kepemilikan sebagai amanah, bukan hak yang mutlak, absolut. Semuanya tergambar jelas dan diwujudkan melalui pengakuan atas kepemilikan individu, kolektif, dan negara, dengan orientasi pada keadilan sosial, keseimbangan dan distribusi kemaslahatan. Dalam konteks modern, konsep tersebut menjadi relevan untuk menjawab problematika ketimpangan ekonomi, privatisasi sumber daya alam, dan krisis keadilan global. Sehingga, apabila pedoman dan konsep ini diterapkan, kehidupan manusia yang ideal dan sempurna di dunia akan tercipta sebagaimana Allah SWT. telah menjaminnya lewat cantuman ayat-ayat dalam kitab suci Al Quran dan hadits-hadits Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Kata kunci: Kepemilikan, Islam, Amanah, Ekonomi, Keadilan Sosial.
Abstract
Ownership is one of the fundamental issues in Islamic thought. This is because it is related not only to the relationship between human beings, wealth, society, and the environment, but more importantly, everything connected to humans is ultimately linked to Al-Khaliq, the Creator, Allah SWT. This study aims to examine the concept of ownership in Islam through a normative–theological perspective of the salaf al ummah, combined with an analytical comparison to contemporary realities. It is hoped that this study can serve as guidance and foundational principles in Islamic jurisprudence related to ownership and its benefits for humankind—past, present, future, and of course, for beyond. To facilitate this, the study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method. The analysis is carried out normatively and philosophically on classical and contemporary fiqh literature, including the views of early and modern scholars, their discussions, legal maxims, and authoritative fatwas. The findings of this study indicate that Islam views ownership as a trust (amanah), not as an absolute and unrestricted right. This is clearly reflected and manifested in the recognition of individual, collective, and state ownership, oriented toward social justice, balance, and the equitable distribution of welfare. In the modern context, this concept becomes relevant in addressing issues of economic inequality, the privatization of natural resources, and the global justice crisis. Thus, when these guidelines and concepts are applied, an ideal and harmonious human life can be realized in this world, as guaranteed by Allah SWT. through the verses of the Qur'an and the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.
Keywords: Ownership, Islam, Trust, Economy, Social Justice.
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