PENDEKATAN FAMILY GROUP CONFERENCE DALAM MENANGANI KASUS PERADILAN ANAK: STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANTARA INDONESIA DAN NEW ZEALAND

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas pelaksanaan diversi dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak di Indonesia serta mengevaluasi relevansi model Family Group Conference  (FGC) di New Zealand sebagai acuan reformasi. Meskipun UU SPPA dan PERMA Diversi telah memberikan dasar normatif yang komprehensif, implementasi diversi di Indonesia menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan yang sangat rendah. Hambatan utama terletak pada kapasitas Balai Pemasyarakatan (Bapas) yang terbatas, tingginya beban kerja Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan, minimnya keterlibatan korban, inkonsistensi koordinasi antar-penegak hukum, serta lemahnya pemantauan pasca-kesepakatan. Sebaliknya, FGC di New Zealand terbukti mampu menerapkan prinsip keadilan restoratif secara substantif melalui konferensi multipihak yang melibatkan keluarga, korban, komunitas, dan pekerja sosial dalam merumuskan rencana pemulihan yang mengikat dan terstruktur. Model ini juga berhasil mengurangi penggunaan penahanan, menurunkan residivisme, serta mencegah kelebihan kapasitas lembaga pemasyarakatan. Dengan melakukan perbandingan substantif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sejumlah elemen Family Group Conference  seperti fasilitator independen, legitimasi keluarga dalam pengambilan keputusan, partisipasi korban, dan mekanisme pemantauan berkelanjutan—dapat diadaptasi secara selektif tanpa mengubah struktur hukum Indonesia secara fundamental. Studi ini merekomendasikan reformasi diversi menuju model yang lebih restoratif, partisipatif, dan responsif terhadap kepentingan terbaik bagi anak.

Kata Kunci: Diversi, Keadilan Restoratif, Family Group Conference , Peradilan Anak, Bapas.

Abstract

This study analyzes the effectiveness of diversion in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System in Indonesia and evaluates the relevance of the Family Group Conference  (FGC) model in New Zealand as a reference for reform. Although the SPPA Law and PERMA Diversion have provided a comprehensive normative basis, the implementation of diversion in Indonesia shows a very low success rate. The main obstacles lie in the limited capacity of the Correctional Center (Bapas), the high workload of Community Counselors, the lack of victim involvement, inconsistent coordination between law enforcement agencies, and weak post-agreement monitoring. In contrast, FGC in New Zealand has proven capable of substantively applying the principles of Restorative Justice through multi-party conferences involving families, victims, communities, and social workers in formulating binding and structured recovery plans. This model has also succeeded in reducing the use of detention, lowering recidivism, and preventing overcrowding in correctional institutions. By conducting a substantive comparison, this study found that a number of elements of the Family Group Conference , such as independent facilitators, family legitimacy in decision-making, victim participation, and continuous monitoring mechanisms, can be selectively adapted without fundamentally changing the structure of Indonesian law. This study recommends reforming diversion toward a model that is more restorative, participatory, and responsive to the best interests of the child.

Keywords: Diversion, Restorative Justice, Family Group Conference , Juvenile Justice, Bapas.