PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PASIEN DALAM LAYANAN JASA KONSULTASI DOKTER DI APLIKASI HALODOC DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.63669Abstract
Abstrak
Perkembangan teknologi digital di bidang kesehatan telah mendorong hadirnya layanan telemedicine sebagai alternatif akses medis yang cepat dan praktis, namun model layanan ini juga menimbulkan permasalahan hukum ketika manfaat layanan tersebut tidak diterima oleh pengguna meskipun pembayaran telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis keabsahan kontrak ijarah dan relevansi prinsip-prinsip maqasid al-syariah dalam menilai praktik layanan konsultasi kesehatan pada platform Halodoc, terutama dalam kondisi ketika pengguna tidak menerima pelayanan medis dan tidak mendapatkan mekanisme pengembalian dana. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kasus dan analisis fiqh muamalah, penelitian tersebut menemukan bahwa transaksi konsultasi di Halodoc termasuk dalam kategori ijarah al-khadamat, namun terjadi secara ilegal jika manfaat tidak diberikan sehingga penyedia jasa tidak berhak mempertahankan ujrah. Ambiguitas pengembalian dana memperkuat unsur gharar yang dilarang dalam sayri'ah karena menciptakan ketidakpastian dan kerugian sepihak. Dalam hal penerapan maqasid al-syariat, kegagalan pelayanan berdampak pada pelanggaran hifz al-nafs karena pasien tidak mendapatkan arahan medis tepat waktu dan merugikan hifz al-mal akibat hilangnya harta benda pengguna tanpa ganti rugi yang layak. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa telemedicine Halodoc belum sepenuhnya memenuhi prinsip keadilan dan kepastian hukum Islam, sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan mekanisme pelayanan, transparansi pengembalian dana, dan peningkatan keandalan sistem agar telemedicine dapat sejalan dengan prinsip syariah dan memberikan manfaat yang optimal bagi masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Ijarah, Maqasid al-syari'ah, Telemedicine.
Abstract
The development of digital technology in the healthcare sector has encouraged the emergence of telemedicine services as an alternative for fast and practical medical access. However, this service model also raises legal issues when the benefits of the service are not received by the user even though payment has been made. This study focuses on analyzing the validity of the ijarah contract and the relevance of the principles of maqasid al-Shari'ah in assessing the practice of health consultation services on the Halodoc platform, particularly in situations where the user does not receive medical care and is not provided with a refund mechanism. Using a qualitative approach through case studies and analysis of muamalah jurisprudence, the study found that consultation transactions on Halodoc fall under the category of ijarah al-khadamat, but are illegal if the benefits are not provided, thus depriving the service provider of the right to retain the ujrah. The ambiguity of the refund reinforces the element of gharar, which is prohibited in Islamic law because it creates uncertainty and unilateral loss. In terms of the application of maqasid al-Shari'ah, service failure results in a violation of hifz al-nafs because the patient does not receive timely medical advice and harms hifz al-mal due to the loss of the user's property without adequate compensation. The study concluded that Halodoc telemedicine does not fully comply with the principles of justice and certainty under Islamic law. Therefore, improvements to service mechanisms, transparency in refunds, and system reliability are needed to ensure telemedicine aligns with Sharia principles and provides optimal benefits to the community.
Keywords: Ijarah, Maqasid al-Shari'ah, Telemedicine.
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