AKTUALISASI HUKUM RIBA BUNGA BANK: SUATU ANALISIS ULAMA KONTEMPORER TENTANG RIBA NASI’AH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v6i4.56234Abstract
Abstrak
Bunga bank berkaitan erat dengan stigma riba dalam operasional perbankan sehingga menjadi ruang ijtihad yang terbuka bagi ulama dan cendekiawan untuk mengkaji kembali bagaimana penjelasan tentang riba itu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik pengambilan agunan di bank oleh masyarakat tradisional secara urf. Terdapat beberapa ulama yang membolehkan praktik bunga bank selama tidak mengandung unsur eksploitatif atau berlipat ganda (riba jahiliyah). Jenis Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dibidang hukum ekonomi syariah dengan pisau analisis sosiologis-normatif jenis penelitian kualitatif ini dikemas menggunakan metode deskriptif menggunakan data primer dan sekunder berupa buku dan jurnal yang berkaitan riba. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa masyarakat tradisional melakukan pembiayaan di bank semata-mata untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pertaniannya karena keterbatasan modal. Apabila mereka tidak mendapatkan dana otomatis tidak dapat menggarap sawah. Adapun fatwa yang melarang bunga bank seperti fartw MUI No. 1 Tahun 2004 tentang Bunga (Interest/Fa’idah). Perlu dianalisis juga apakah bunga bank identik dengan riba atau tidak. Riba secara umum dibagi menjadi dua, riba fadhl dan riba nasi>’ah. Dalam hal ini ulama menyepakati riba pada masa klasik diharamkan karena mengandung unsur eksploitasi dari pemilik modal. Namun pendapat ulama kontemporer tentang bunga bank dimasa sekarang bukan termasuk riba karena sudah diketahui terdapat penambahan nilai sejak awal, selain itu terdapat alasan lain diperbolehkannya bunga bank jika kadarnya tidak berlipat ganda dan tidak eksploitatif.
Kata Kunci: Bunga bank, Riba, Kontemporer
Abstract
Bank interest is closely related to the stigma of riba in banking operations so that it becomes an open ijtihad space for scholars and scholars to review how to explain rib. There are some scholars who allow the practice of bank interest as long as it does not contain exploitative or multiplied elements (riba jahiliyah). This study aims to analyze the practice of taking collateral in banks by traditional communities in a urf manner. This type of research is qualitative in the field of sharia economic law with a sociological-normative analysis knife, this type of qualitative research is packaged using a descriptive method using primary and secondary data in the form of books and journals related to usury. The results of the study show that traditional people finance in banks solely to meet their agricultural needs due to limited capital. If they do not get funds, they automatically cannot work on the rice fields. The fatwa that prohibits bank interest is such as fartw MUI No. 1 of 2004 concerning Interest (Interest/Fa'idah). It is also necessary to analyze whether bank interest is synonymous with riba or not. Riba is generally divided into two, riba fadhl and riba nasi>'ah. In this case, scholars agree that riba in the classical period was forbidden because it contained elements of exploitation from capital owners. However, the opinion of contemporary scholars about bank interest in the present day does not include riba because it is known that there is an increase in value from the beginning, besides that there are other reasons for allowing bank interest if the rate is not doubled and is not eksplorative.
Keywords: Bank interest, Riba, Contemporary
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