TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PEMBERIAN WARISAN BAGI ANAK ANGKAT DI KELURAHAN MALILINGI KECAMATAN BANTAENG KABUPATEN BANTAENG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.60976Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis secara mendalam mengenai tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap pemberian warisan bagi anak angkat di Kelurahan Malilingi, Kecamatan Bantaeng, Kabupaten Bantaeng. Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada 1) Bagaimana pandangan masyarakat terhadap anak asuh sebagai pewaris di Kelurahan Malilingi Kecamatan Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng? 2) Bagaimana ketentuan hukum Islam terhadap anak asuh sebagai pewaris di Kelurahan Malilingi Kecamatan Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan syar’iah, yuridis, dan sosiologis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara langsung dengan berbagai pihak yang terkait, di antaranya Kepala Seksi Bimas pada Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Bantaeng, orang tua angkat, anak angkat, serta beberapa tokoh masyarakat dan kerabat yang berada di wilayah Kelurahan Malilingi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) praktiknya, pembagian warisan di lingkungan masyarakat Kelurahan Malilingi masih didominasi oleh tradisi dan kebiasaan lokal, meskipun sebagian masyarakat telah memiliki kesadaran akan pentingnya menerapkan hukum Islam secara menyeluruh. Dalam perspektif hukum Islam, anak angkat tidak memiliki hak waris karena ketiadaan hubungan nasab dengan pewaris, sehingga secara otomatis terhalang dari warisan berdasarkan ketentuan faraidh. 2) Namun demikian, Islam memberikan solusi melalui mekanisme wasiat, yang memperbolehkan seorang pewaris mewasiatkan maksimal sepertiga dari harta peninggalannya kepada pihak yang bukan ahli waris, termasuk anak angkat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara nasab anak angkat tidak berhak atas warisan, namun ia tetap dapat memperoleh bagian dari harta pewaris melalui wasiat wajibah, selama tidak melebihi batas yang telah ditentukan dan disetujui oleh ahli waris lainnya.
Kata Kunci: Hukum Islam, Warisan, Anak Angkat, Wasiat Wajibah
Abstract
This research aims to examine and analyze in depth the review of Islamic law on inheritance for adopted children in Malilingi Village, Bantaeng District, Bantaeng Regency. The main problems in this research are focused on 1) How do the people view adopted children as heirs in Malilingi Village, Bantaeng District, Bantaeng Regency? 2) How does Islamic law regulate adopted children as heirs in Malilingi Village, Bantaeng District, Bantaeng Regency. This research uses a qualitative method with sharia, juridical, and sociological approaches. Data collection techniques were carried out through direct interviews with various related parties, including the Head of the Bimas Section at the Bantaeng Regency Ministry of Religious Affairs Office, adoptive parents, adopted children, as well as several community leaders and relatives in the Malilingi Village area. The results of the research show that 1) in practice, the distribution of inheritance in the Malilingi Village community is still dominated by local traditions and customs, although some of the community have become aware of the importance of implementing Islamic law comprehensively. From the perspective of Islamic law, adopted children do not have inheritance rights due to the absence of a nasab (bloodline) relationship with the heir, thus automatically barring them from inheritance based on faraidh provisions. 2) However, Islam provides a solution through the mechanism of wasiat (bequest), which allows a testator to bequeath a maximum of one-third of their estate to non-heirs, including adopted children. This shows that although adopted children are not entitled to inheritance based on nasab, they can still receive a portion of the testator's estate through obligatory bequests, as long as it does not exceed the specified limit and is approved by other heirs.
Keywords: Islamic Law, Estate, Adopted Child, Obligatory Bequest
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Copyright (c) 2025 Isna Islamiah Jamal, Muhammadiyah Amin, Ismail Hannanong

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