PENCEGAHAN MISAPPROPRIATION TERHADAP KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL KOMUNAL MELALUI PEMANFAATAN DATA PEMBANDING DALAM REZIM FIRST TO FILE HUKUM MEREK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.61001Abstract
Abstrak
Sistem pendaftaran merek di Indonesia menganut asas first to file, yaitu memberikan hak eksklusif kepada pihak yang pertama kali mengajukan permohonan. Prinsip ini, meskipun sederhana, rentan menimbulkan praktik misappropriation, yakni klaim sepihak terhadap Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal (KIK) yang pada hakikatnya merupakan warisan budaya masyarakat adat. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji fungsi mekanisme data pembanding sebagai instrumen preventif dalam mencegah klaim tidak sah atas KIK dalam kerangka hukum merek. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin, serta praktik perlindungan KIK di beberapa yurisdiksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data pembanding yang terdokumentasi dalam basis data nasional KIK memiliki kedudukan penting sebagai bukti awal untuk menolak permohonan merek yang berpotensi merugikan kepentingan komunal. Oleh karena itu, integrasi data pembanding ke dalam sistem first to file tidak hanya memperkuat perlindungan hukum terhadap KIK, tetapi juga menjamin keadilan bagi komunitas pemiliknya sekaligus sejalan dengan prinsip Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal (KIK) dalam hukum internasional.
Kata Kunci: Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal, Misappropriation, Data Pembanding, First to File, Hukum Merek.
Abstract
The trademark registration system in Indonesia adheres to the first-to-file principle, which grants exclusive rights to the party that first submits an application. Although simple, this principle is prone to misappropriation, namely unilateral claims to Communal Intellectual Property (KIK), which is essentially the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples. This article aims to examine the function of the comparative data mechanism as a preventive tool in preventing invalid claims on CCI within the framework of trademark law. The research was conducted using a normative legal method through an analysis of legislation, doctrine, and CCI protection practices in several jurisdictions. The research findings indicate that comparative data documented in the national CI database holds significant importance as initial evidence to reject trademark applications that may harm communal interests. Therefore, integrating comparative data into the first-to-file system not only strengthens legal protection for CII but also ensures fairness for the community of its owners while aligning with the principles of Community Intellectual Property (CII) in international law.
Keywords: Community Intellectual Property, Misappropriation, Comparative Data, First-to File, Trademark Law.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Citra Ramadhan

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