SENGKETA PERWALIAN DAN PENGAMPUAN: KONSEP, KONFLIK, DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.70036Abstract
Abstrak:
Penelitian ini Mengingat kesesuaiannya dengan hukum positif Indonesia, makalah ini berupaya mengkaji secara mendalam landasan epistemologis dan implikasi hukum dari sengketa mengenai perwalian (voogdij) dan kuratela (curatele). Status hukum kuratela bagi subjek hukum dewasa yang berada di bawah kuratela mental serta perwalian bagi anak-anak sering kali terjebak dalam ketidakselarasan antara sengketa perdata dan permasalahan sosial, terutama terkait pengelolaan harta (boedel). Repositori data diteliti secara kualitatif menggunakan metodologi penelitian hukum normatif yang didukung oleh pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan yuridis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar sengketa perwalian dan pengampuan disebabkan oleh definisi yang tidak jelas mengenai “ketidakmampuan hukum” (rechtsonbekwaamheid) dari subjek hukum yang berada di bawah perwalian, serta ambiguitas dalam penerapan kriteria “kepentingan terbaik anak”. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan adanya kekosongan hukum (rechtsvacuum) dalam proses pengawasan berkala yang dilakukan oleh Kantor Administrasi Warisan (BHP), yang mengindikasikan adanya risiko tinggi terjadinya penyalahgunaan materiil dan penyimpangan administrasi oleh wali atau kurator. Untuk memastikan perlindungan hak-hak konstitusional individu yang tidak cakap secara hukum demi menegakkan keadilan substantif, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa reformasi regulasi yang mengintegrasikan prinsip bonus pater familias (kepala keluarga yang baik) ke dalam kodifikasi hukum perdata modern sangat diperlukan. Selain itu, fungsi pengawasan yudisial perlu diperkuat.
Kata Kunci: Sengketa Perwalian, Pengampuan, Perlindungan Hukum, Rechtsonbekwaamheid, Kepentingan Terbaik.
Abstract:
In light of their compliance with Indonesian positive law, this paper attempts to thoroughly examine the epistemological foundations and legal ramifications of disputes over guardianship (voogdij) and curatorship (curatele). The legal status of curatorship for adult legal subjects under mental curatorship and guardianship for youngsters is frequently caught in a dissonance of civil disputes and societal difficulties, especially when it comes to wealth management (boedel). The data repository was examined qualitatively using a normative legal research methodology backed by a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The results of the study show that most guardianship and conservatorship disputes are caused by unclear definitions of "legal incapacity" (rechtsonbekwaamheid) of the legal subject under guardianship as well as ambiguities in the application of the "best interests of the child" criterion. Additionally, this investigation found a legal void (rechtsvacuum) in the Estate Administration Office's (BHP) periodic oversight process, which suggests a high risk of material abuse and maladministration by guardians or curators. In order to ensure the protection of the constitutional rights of legally incapacitated individuals in the interest of upholding substantive justice, this study concludes that regulatory reform that incorporates the principle of bonus pater familias (good head of the family) into modern civil law codification is necessary. Additionally, judicial oversight functions should be strengthened.
Keywords: Disputes Guardianship, Curatorship, Legal Protection, Legal Incapacity, Best
Interests.
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