ANALISA YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI TENAGA KERJA YANG MENGALAMI PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN KERJA SEPIHAK BERDASARKAN UU NO. 6 TAHUN 2023

Abstract

Abstrak

Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) sepihak merupakan permasalahan ketenagakerjaan yang dapat merugikan pekerja karena berdampak pada hilangnya pekerjaan, penghasilan, dan jaminan kesejahteraan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perlindungan hukum yang mampu menjamin hak-hak pekerja apabila terjadi PHK sepihak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi tenaga kerja yang mengalami PHK sepihak serta implementasinya berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja yang mengalami PHK sepihak diberikan dalam bentuk perlindungan preventif dan represif. Perlindungan preventif diwujudkan melalui pengaturan prosedur PHK, kewajiban pemberitahuan tertulis, pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja, serta pemberian manfaat Program Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan (JKP). Sementara itu, perlindungan represif diberikan melalui mekanisme penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial yang meliputi perundingan bipartit, mediasi, konsiliasi, dan Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial. Implementasi perlindungan hukum tersebut telah memberikan kepastian hukum bagi pekerja, namun masih menghadapi kendala berupa rendahnya pemahaman hukum pekerja, keterbatasan akses bantuan hukum, serta belum optimalnya pengawasan ketenagakerjaan. Diperlukan peningkatan pengawasan pemerintah, sosialisasi hukum ketenagakerjaan, dan kemudahan akses bantuan hukum guna mewujudkan perlindungan hukum yang efektif dan berkeadilan bagi pekerja yang mengalami PHK sepihak.

Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Tenaga Kerja, Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja, PHK Sepihak, Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023.

Abstract

Unilateral termination of employment is a labor issue that may cause significant losses to workers, including the loss of employment, income, and social welfare security. Therefore, legal protection is required to ensure the fulfillment of workers' rights in cases of unilateral termination. This study aims to analyze the legal protection provided to workers who experience unilateral termination of employment and its implementation under Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The data were collected through library research involving primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that legal protection for workers subjected to unilateral termination of employment is provided through preventive and repressive measures. Preventive protection is reflected in the regulation of termination procedures, the obligation to provide written notice, the fulfillment of workers’ rights, and the provision of benefits under the Job Loss Guarantee Program (Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan/JKP). Repressive protection is implemented through industrial relations dispute settlement mechanisms, including bipartite negotiations, mediation, conciliation, and the Industrial Relations Court. Although these legal protections provide legal certainty for workers, their implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited legal awareness among workers, restricted access to legal assistance, and inadequate labor supervision. Therefore, stronger government oversight, greater dissemination of labor law information, and easier access to legal aid are necessary to ensure effective and equitable legal protection for workers affected by unilateral termination of employment.

Keywords: Legal Protection, Workers, Termination of Employment, Unilateral Termination of Employment, Law Number 6 of 2023.