ETIKA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP DISINFORMASI VISUAL BERBASIS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH DI ERA DIGITAL

Abstract

Abstrak

Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan telah meningkatkan penggunaan deepfake yang mampu menghasilkan disinformasi visual secara realistis, cepat, dan masif sehingga menimbulkan persoalan perlindungan hukum dan etika di ruang digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap disinformasi visual berbasis Artificial Intelligence dalam perspektif hukum positif Indonesia dan hukum ekonomi syariah serta merumuskan model tanggung jawab platform digital yang proporsional. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, konsep hukum, literatur, dan regulasi terkait teknologi digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU ITE, UU PDP, PP No. 71 Tahun 2019, dan ketentuan perdata telah menyediakan dasar perlindungan, tetapi belum mengatur deepfake secara khusus, terintegrasi, dan adaptif. Dalam perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah, deepfake yang digunakan untuk menipu atau merugikan bertentangan dengan prinsip kejujuran, amanah, keadilan, serta larangan tadlis, gharar, dan kebohongan. Penelitian mengusulkan penguatan regulasi melalui pelabelan konten AI, deteksi proaktif, content provenance, literasi digital, AI forensics, dan model tiered liability berbasis kapabilitas platform. Implikasinya adalah perlunya regulasi AI yang mampu memperkuat perlindungan masyarakat tanpa menghambat inovasi teknologi.

Kata Kunci: Artificial Intelligence, Deepfake, Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Perlindungan Hukum, Disinformasi Visual.

Abstract

Advancements in artificial intelligence have led to an increase in the use of deepfakes capable of generating realistic visual disinformation rapidly and at scale thereby raising legal and ethical concerns in the digital space. This study aims to analyze legal protections against AI-based visual disinformation from the perspectives of Indonesian positive law and Sharia economic law, and to formulate a proportional liability model for digital platforms. Employing a qualitative method with a normative-juridical approach, the research analyzes relevant legislation, legal concepts, literature, and regulations concerning digital technology. The findings indicate that while the ITE Law, PDP Law, Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019, and civil law provisions provide a basis for protection, they do not yet regulate deepfakes in a specific, integrated, or adaptive manner. From the perspective of Sharia economic law, the use of deepfakes to deceive or cause harm violates principles of honesty, trustworthiness, and justice, as well as prohibitions against tadlis (deception), gharar (uncertainty/ambiguity), and lying. The study proposes strengthening regulations through measures such as AI content labeling, proactive detection, content provenance, digital literacy, AI forensics, and a tiered liability model based on platform capabilities. The implication is a need for AI regulations that strengthen public protection without stifling technological innovation.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Deepfake, Sharia Economic Law, Legal Protection, Visual Disinformation.