HUKUM ISLAM BIDANG POLITIK (SIYASAH) DI INDONESIA

Abstrak

Abstrak

Indonesia, sebagai negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia, menghadapi tantangan unik dalam mengintegrasikan prinsip politik Islam (Siyasa Syar’iyyah) ke dalam sistem hukum sekuler berbasis Pancasila. Makalah ini menganalisis rekonstruksi hukum Islam bidang politik (Siyasa) dalam konteks ketatanegaraan Indonesia melalui pendekatan kualitatif yang menggabungkan analisis teks normatif Islam (Al-Qur’an, Hadis, karya ulama klasik). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Siyasa di Indonesia tidak diwujudkan melalui formalisasi syariat secara legalistik, melainkan melalui adaptasi nilai-nilai etis Islam ke dalam kebijakan publik, desentralisasi kekuasaan, dan partisipasi politik. Partai Islam dan otonomi daerah menjadi instrumen utama artikulasi Siyasa, sementara lembaga seperti pesantren berperan dalam mendamaikan prinsip agama dengan identitas kebangsaan. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan kultural—seperti penguatan etika politik berbasis maqashid al-shariah (tujuan syariah) dan dialog inklusif—lebih efektif dalam memperkaya demokrasi Indonesia daripada model formalisasi hukum agama. Dengan kerangka teori legal pluralism dan post-secularism, makalah ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi Siyasa ke dalam sistem nasional harus memprioritaskan kemaslahatan publik, keadilan sosial, dan kohesi bangsa, tanpa mengabaikan karakter pluralistik Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Hukum Islam, Politik (Siayasah), Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia, as the world's most populous Muslim nation, faces unique challenges in integrating Islamic political principles (Siyasa Syar'iyyah) into a secular legal system based on Pancasila. This paper analyzes the reconstruction of Islamic political law (Siyasa) in the context of Indonesian constitutional law through a qualitative approach that combines analysis of Islamic normative texts (the Qur'an, Hadith, and works of classical Islamic scholars). The research findings indicate that Siyasa in Indonesia is not realized through the legalistic formalization of Sharia, but rather through the adaptation of Islamic ethical values into public policy, decentralization of power, and political participation. Islamic parties and regional autonomy are the primary instruments for the articulation of Siyasa, while institutions such as Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) play a role in reconciling religious principles with national identity. This study concludes that cultural approaches—such as strengthening political ethics based on the maqasid al-shariah (the objectives of Sharia) and inclusive dialogue—are more effective in enriching Indonesian democracy than the formalization of religious law. Within the theoretical framework of legal pluralism and post-secularism, this paper asserts that the integration of Siyasa into the national system must prioritize public welfare, social justice, and national cohesion, without neglecting Indonesia's pluralistic character.

Keywords: Islamic Law, Politics (Siyasa), Indonesia