MENS REA: FONDASI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i1.61542Abstract
Abstrak
Mens rea yakni kondisi batin seorang pelaku, merupakan elemen esensial dalam hukum pidana yang berfungsi menentukan apakah seseorang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana. Dalam konteks sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia, mens rea diposisikan sebagai prasyarat utama untuk membuktikan adanya kesalahan (schuld) yang melekat pada suatu tindak pidana. Tulisan ini membahas peran penting mens rea dalam hukum pidana nasional, keterkaitannya dengan asas geen straf zonder schuld, serta problematika penerapannya dalam tindak pidana formil maupun yang diatur melalui undang-undang khusus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekana perundang-undangan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum pidana modern mengakui prinsip strict liability dan vicarious liability, keberadaan mens rea tetap diperlukan sebagai pilar utama dalam menyeimbangkan kepastian hukum, efektivitas penegakan hukum, dan perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusia.
Kata Kunci: Mens Rea, Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, Peradilan Pidana
Abstract
Mens rea, or the mental state of a perpetrator, is an essential element in criminal law that serves to determine whether a person can be held criminally responsible. In the context of the Indonesian criminal justice system, mens rea is positioned as a key prerequisite for proving guilt (schuld) attached to a criminal act. This paper discusses the important role of mens rea in national criminal law, its relationship with the principle of geen straf zonder schuld, and the problems of its application in formal criminal acts and those regulated by special laws. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative approach. The results of the study show that modern criminal law recognises the principles of strict liability and vicarious liability, but mens rea remains necessary as a key pillar in balancing legal certainty, effective law enforcement, and the protection of human rights.
Keywords: Mens Rea, Criminal Liability, Criminal Justice
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