KONTRIBUSI ISTISHAB SEBAGAI PENETAPAN HUKUM TERHADAP EKONOMI MODERN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i2.63207Abstract
Abstrak
Salah satu pendekatan ijtihad yang paling penting dalam ushul fiqh adalah istishab, yang bertujuan untuk mempertahankan keberlakuan hukum asal hingga ditemukan bukti yang dapat mengubahnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan penjelasan tentang konsep dasar istishab, jenisnya, dasar syar'inya, dan peranannya dalam praktik ekonomi syariah modern. Studi literatur tentang berbagai kitab ushul fiqh klasik dan kontemporer, serta artikel ilmiah yang relevan, digunakan sebagai metode penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa istishab memainkan peran penting dalam menjamin kepastian hukum, stabilitas akad, dan perlindungan hak dalam berbagai transaksi muamalah kontemporer. Istishab al-ibahah al-ashliyyah menjadi dasar untuk inovasi dalam ekonomi digital, seperti fintech, e-commerce, dan layanan keuangan syariah, selama tidak ada bukti yang melarang atau bertentangan dengan prinsip syariah. Adapun istishab al-hukm membantu dalam penetapan keabsahan perjanjian dan penyelesaian sengketa kepemilikan. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa istishab memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga keadilan dan kemaslahatan ekonomi, dengan memberikan kepastian hukum pada transaksi, melindungi hak kepemilikan dan hak kontraktual para pihak, serta mewujudkan keadilan melalui prinsip bahwa keraguan tidak dapat menghilangkan keyakinan, tetapi harus digunakan dengan hati-hati dan dikombinasikan dengan metode ijtihad lain untuk mencegah stagnasi hukum. Oleh karena itu, istishab membantu menjembatani prinsip hukum Islam klasik dengan dinamika ekonomi syariah kontemporer serta mendukung pembentukan sistem ekonomi yang adil, fleksibel, dan berorientasi pada keadilan.
Kata Kunci: Istishab, Muamalah, Ekonomi Syariah, Kepastian Hukum, Keadilan.
Abstract
One of the most important ijtihad approaches in usul fiqh is istishab, which aims to maintain the enforceability of the original law until evidence is found that can change it. The purpose of this study is to provide an explanation of the basic concept of istishab, its types, the basis of Sharia, and its role in modern Sharia economic practice. The study of literature on various classical and contemporary usul fiqh books, as well as relevant scientific articles, was used as a research method. The results show that istishab plays an important role in ensuring legal certainty, contract stability, and rights protection in various contemporary muamalah transactions. Istishab Al-ibahah al-ashliyyah forms the basis for innovation in the digital economy, such as fintech, e-commerce, and Islamic financial services, as long as there is no evidence that it prohibits or contradicts sharia principles. The istishab Al-hukm assists in the determination of the validity of the agreement and the resolution of ownership disputes. In addition, the study found that istishab has an important role in maintaining justice and economic benefit, by providing legal certainty to transactions, protecting the ownership rights and contractual rights of the parties, and realizing justice through the principle that doubt cannot eliminate belief, but must be used with caution and combined with other ijtihad methods to prevent legal stagnation. Therefore, istishab helps to bridge the principles of classical Islamic law with contemporary Sharia economic dynamics and supports the establishment of a fair, flexible, and justice-oriented economic system
Keywords: Istishab, Muamalah, Sharia Economy, Legal Certainty, Justice
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