TRANSFORMASI HUKUM PERSEROAN TERBATAS PASCA UUD CIPTA KERJA : IMPLIKASI TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN INVESTOR DAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM

Abstract

Abstarak

Penelitian ini mengkaji transformasi pengaturan hukum Perseroan Terbatas (PT) pasca berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja serta implikasinya terhadap perlindungan investor dan kepastian hukum, dengan mengambil lokasi penelitian pada PT Smart Multi Finance Parepare. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa UU Cipta Kerja membawa perubahan signifikan dalam sistem hukum perusahaan, meliputi penyederhanaan prosedur pendirian PT, pengenalan konsep perseroan perorangan, dan penerapan perizinan berbasis risiko yang mencerminkan pergeseran paradigma dari sistem formalistik menuju sistem hukum yang lebih fleksibel dan adaptif. Dari sisi perlindungan investor, transformasi ini memberikan dampak positif berupa meningkatnya kepercayaan investor dan perbaikan iklim investasi, meskipun efektivitasnya masih sangat bergantung pada konsistensi implementasi dan penegakan hukum di lapangan, termasuk potensi multitafsir dalam norma regulasi baru. Adapun dari aspek kepastian hukum, regulasi baru dinilai memberikan dasar yang lebih jelas bagi operasional perusahaan, namun masih dihadapkan pada kendala seperti cepatnya perubahan regulasi, perbedaan interpretasi antar instansi, serta hambatan teknis dalam pelaksanaan hukum seperti eksekusi jaminan fidusia. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun transformasi hukum PT pasca UU Cipta Kerja telah memberikan kontribusi positif, masih diperlukan upaya berkelanjutan dalam penguatan regulasi, harmonisasi kebijakan, dan peningkatan pemahaman hukum bagi seluruh pemangku kepentingan.

Kata Kunci : Transformasi Hukum, Perseroan Terbatas, Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja, Perlindungan Investor, Kepastian Hukum

Abstract

This study examines the transformation of the legal framework governing Limited Liability Companies (PT) following the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation (Omnibus Law) and its implications for investor protection and legal certainty, with PT Smart Multi Finance Parepare as the research site. Employing a qualitative approach through interviews, observation, and documentation, this study finds that the Job Creation Law has brought significant changes to the corporate legal system in Indonesia, encompassing the simplification of company establishment procedures, the introduction of the sole proprietorship company concept, and the implementation of risk-based licensing — collectively reflecting a paradigm shift from a formalistic legal system toward a more flexible and adaptive one. In terms of investor protection, the legal transformation has yielded positive outcomes, including increased investor confidence and an improved investment climate, although its effectiveness remains highly dependent on the consistency of implementation and law enforcement in practice, as well as the potential for multiple interpretations of the new regulatory norms. Regarding legal certainty, the new regulations are considered to provide a clearer legal basis for corporate operations; however, challenges persist, including rapid regulatory changes, divergent interpretations among institutions, and technical obstacles in legal enforcement such as the execution of fiduciary guarantees. This study concludes that while the legal transformation of Limited Liability Companies following the Job Creation Law has made positive contributions, sustained efforts are still needed to strengthen regulations, harmonize policies, and enhance legal awareness among all stakeholders.                                                                                                                  

Keywords: Legal Transformation, Limited Liability Company, Job Creation Law, Investor Protection, Legal Certainty