DIGITALISASI KORPORASI DAN TANTANGAN HUKUM PERUSAHAAN: ANALISIS TERHADAP TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN DALAM ERA EKONOMI DIGITAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.68913Abstract
Abstrak
Transformasi digital telah mengubah secara fundamental cara korporasi menjalankan kegiatan usaha, mengambil keputusan bisnis, mengelola data, serta membangun hubungan dengan pemegang saham dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Digitalisasi korporasi tidak hanya mendorong efisiensi operasional dan inovasi bisnis, tetapi juga menghadirkan tantangan baru bagi rezim hukum perusahaan yang pada umumnya dibangun berdasarkan asumsi tata kelola konvensional. Permasalahan utama yang muncul berkaitan dengan kecukupan pengaturan hukum dalam mengakomodasi penggunaan teknologi digital dalam proses pengambilan keputusan korporasi, perlindungan data dan informasi perusahaan, akuntabilitas organ perseroan, serta penguatan prinsip transparansi dan tanggung jawab dalam tata kelola perusahaan. Di sisi lain, perkembangan model bisnis digital, penggunaan kecerdasan buatan, serta meningkatnya ketergantungan korporasi terhadap infrastruktur teknologi menimbulkan risiko hukum baru yang belum sepenuhnya terakomodasi dalam kerangka hukum perusahaan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menempatkan diri dalam diskursus pembaruan hukum perusahaan dengan mengkaji hubungan antara digitalisasi korporasi dan transformasi prinsip-prinsip tata kelola perusahaan (corporate governance) dalam era ekonomi digital. Berbeda dengan penelitian terdahulu yang lebih banyak berfokus pada aspek teknologi atau regulasi ekonomi digital secara sektoral, penelitian ini menyoroti kebutuhan rekonstruksi hukum perusahaan agar mampu menjawab perubahan struktur organisasi, pola pengawasan, dan mekanisme pertanggungjawaban korporasi yang semakin terdigitalisasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan komparatif. Analisis dilakukan terhadap berbagai regulasi yang mengatur perusahaan, tata kelola korporasi, perlindungan data, serta praktik tata kelola digital yang berkembang dalam berbagai yurisdiksi. Bahan hukum primer dan sekunder dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan regulasi dan merumuskan model tata kelola perusahaan yang adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi korporasi menuntut perluasan makna fiduciary duty direksi dan komisaris, penguatan mekanisme pengawasan berbasis teknologi, peningkatan standar transparansi algoritmik, serta integrasi manajemen risiko digital ke dalam sistem tata kelola perusahaan. Selain itu, diperlukan harmonisasi antara hukum perusahaan, regulasi perlindungan data, keamanan siber, dan tata kelola teknologi untuk menciptakan kepastian hukum serta meningkatkan akuntabilitas korporasi. Penelitian ini menawarkan model tata kelola perusahaan digital yang berlandaskan prinsip transparansi digital, akuntabilitas teknologi, perlindungan data korporasi, dan pengawasan berbasis risiko. Model tersebut diyakini mampu memperkuat ketahanan korporasi, meningkatkan kepercayaan investor, serta mendukung terciptanya ekosistem ekonomi digital yang berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian, reformasi hukum perusahaan menjadi kebutuhan mendesak untuk memastikan bahwa tata kelola korporasi tetap efektif, adaptif, dan responsif terhadap dinamika ekonomi digital.
Kata Kunci: tata kelola perusahaan digital; akuntabilitas teknologi; fiduciary duty digital; transparansi algoritmik; manajemen risiko digital
Abstract
Digital transformation has fundamentally reshaped the way corporations conduct business activities, make strategic decisions, manage data, and engage with shareholders and other stakeholders. While corporate digitalization promotes operational efficiency and business innovation, it simultaneously creates significant challenges for company law regimes that were originally designed around conventional governance structures. Key issues concern the adequacy of legal frameworks in regulating technology-driven decision-making processes, protecting corporate data and information, ensuring the accountability of corporate organs, and strengthening transparency and responsibility within corporate governance systems. Furthermore, the emergence of digital business models, artificial intelligence applications, and increasing corporate dependence on digital infrastructure have generated new legal risks that are not fully addressed by existing company law frameworks. This study is situated within the broader discourse of company law reform by examining the interaction between corporate digitalization and the transformation of corporate governance principles in the digital economy. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on technological innovation or sector-specific digital regulations, this research emphasizes the need to reconstruct company law in order to respond to changes in organizational structures, supervisory mechanisms, and accountability systems within increasingly digitalized corporations. The study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis encompasses company law regulations, corporate governance frameworks, data protection regimes, and emerging digital governance practices across various jurisdictions. Primary and secondary legal materials are examined qualitatively to identify regulatory gaps and formulate a governance model capable of adapting to technological developments. The findings reveal that corporate digitalization requires an expanded interpretation of directors’ and commissioners’ fiduciary duties, stronger technology-based oversight mechanisms, enhanced standards of algorithmic transparency, and the integration of digital risk management into corporate governance systems. In addition, harmonization between company law, data protection regulations, cybersecurity frameworks, and technology governance is necessary to ensure legal certainty and corporate accountability. This study proposes a digital corporate governance model based on the principles of digital transparency, technological accountability, corporate data protection, and risk-based oversight. Such a model is expected to strengthen corporate resilience, increase investor confidence, and support the development of a sustainable digital economy ecosystem. Accordingly, company law reform is essential to ensure that corporate governance remains effective, adaptive, and responsive to the evolving dynamics of the digital economy.
Keywords: digital corporate governance; technological accountability; digital fiduciary duty; algorithmic transparency; digital risk management.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Marsyah Kirana, Zainal Said, Mifzal Parantean, Masni

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Once an article was published in the journal, the author(s) are:
- to retain copyright and grant to the journal right licensed under Creative Commons License Attribution that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship.
- permitted to publish their work online in third parties as it can lead wider dissemination of the work, with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal
- continue to be the copyright owner and allow the journal to publish the article with the CC BY-NC-SA license
- receiving a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of the work.





