BONUS BELANJA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH: STUDI KRITIS ATAS PRAKTIK PERSENAN PEDAGANG SEMBAKO DI PASAR RANDUGUNTING KOTA TEGAL

Abstract

Abstrak

Artikel ini mengkaji tradisi persenan, yakni kebiasaan pedagang sembako memberikan bonus atau hadiah kepada pelanggan setia di Pasar Randugunting Kota Tegal, melalui perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa para pedagang memiliki beragam motivasi: dorongan keagamaan, pelestarian tradisi, ungkapan terima kasih, serta strategi pemasaran. Dari tinjauan fikih, persenan paling tepat dikategorikan sebagai hibah karena memenuhi rukun dan syaratnya. Sebagai sarana promosi, praktik ini dibolehkan sesuai fatwa MUI tentang jual beli disertai hadiah dengan syarat item hadiah halal, sesuai janji, bebas dari unsur maysir, serta kualitas dan harga barang sesuai standar pasar. Namun demikian, terdapat ketegangan normatif antara orientasi komersial dan prinsip dasar filantropi Islam yang menekankan ketulusan tanpa pamrih.

Kata Kunci: Hibah, Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Pasar Tradisional, Pedagang Sembako, Persenan

Abstract

This article examines the practice of persenan — a customary gift-giving by grocery traders to loyal buyers at Randugunting Market, Tegal — through the framework of Islamic Economic Law. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with field observation and in-depth interviews, the study finds that traders hold varied motivations: religious devotion, inherited custom, appreciation for loyalty, and deliberate marketing strategy. From the jurisprudential standpoint, persenan most closely aligns with hibah (voluntary endowment), satisfying its requisite pillars and conditions. As a promotional mechanism, the practice is permissible under the MUI fatwa on gift-accompanied sales, provided the gifts are lawful, consistent with what was promised, free from maysir, and merchandise quality and pricing remain within market norms. A normative tension exists, however, as the commercial orientation partially deviates from the disinterested altruism central to Islamic philanthropic ideals.

Keywords: Grocery Traders, Hibah, Islamic Economic Law, Persenan, Traditional Market