MEDIASI SYARIAH: STUDI TERHADAP PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONTEMPORER PERPEKTIF MAQASYID SYARIAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.69340Abstract
Abstrak
Kajian ini membahas konsep, pelaksanaan, dan makna mediasi dalam penyelesaian sengketa dari perspektif hukum Islam, dengan menerapkan pendekatan maqāşid al-syarīah. Penelitian ini terinspirasi oleh meningkatnya kompleksitas sengketa dalam masyarakat modern dan keterbatasan penyelesaian sengketa oleh hakim, yang sering kali memakan waktu dan biaya, serta mengakibatkan situasi win-loss. Topik yang dikaji meliputi konsep mediasi dalam hukum Islam, penerapannya dalam kasus keluarga, ekonomi syariah, dan lembaga hukum kontemporer, serta manfaatnya bagi kepentingan publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif (studi literatur) dengan melakukan studi literatur terhadap al-Qur'an, Hadits, hukum dan peraturan, buku, dan jurnal ilmiah. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa mediasi dalam hukum Islam diakui oleh konsep şulh dan tahkīm, yang menekankan perdamaian, keadilan, dan konsultasi. Mediasi sangat penting untuk menjaga persaudaraan (ukhuwah), menyelesaikan perselisihan secara efektif, dan mempromosikan tujuan maqāşid al-syarïah (melindungi kehidupan, keturunan, dan harta). Oleh karena itu, penting untuk meningkatkan pemahaman publik dan keterampilan mediator, sehingga mediasi dapat dilakukan dengan cara yang paling efektif dan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Syariah.
Kata Kunci: Maqasid Al-syariah, Mediasi Syariah, Penyelesaian Sengketa.
Abstract
This study discusses the concept, implementation, and meaning of mediation in dispute resolution from an Islamic legal perspective, applying the maqāşid al-syarīah approach. This research is inspired by the increasing complexity of disputes in modern society and the limitations of dispute resolution by judges, which are often time-consuming and costly, and result in win-lose situations. The topics studied include the concept of mediation in Islamic law, its application in family cases, Islamic economics, and contemporary legal institutions, as well as its benefits for the public interest. This study uses a qualitative approach with a normative approach (literature study) by conducting a literature review of the Qur'an, Hadith, laws and regulations, books, and scientific journals. The results show that mediation in Islamic law is recognized by the concepts of şulh and tahkīm, which emphasize peace, justice, and consultation. Mediation is very important for maintaining brotherhood (ukhuwah), resolving disputes effectively, and promoting the goals of maqāşid al-syarīah (protecting life, descendants, and property). Therefore, it is important to improve public understanding and the skills of mediators, so that mediation can be carried out in the most effective manner and in accordance with Sharia values.
Keywords: Maqasid Al-Shariah, Sharia Mediation, Dispute Resolution.
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