PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA HARTA DAN UTANG BERSAMA: ANALISIS KOMPARATIF ANTARA JALUR LITIGASI DAN INSTRUMEN ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.69705Abstract
Abstrak
Penyelesaian sengketa harta dan utang bersama pasca perceraian sering menimbulkan permasalahan hukum yang kompleks karena melibatkan kepentingan ekonomi para pihak serta perbedaan pandangan mengenai pembagian hak dan kewajiban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa harta dan utang bersama melalui jalur litigasi dan instrumen Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, serta literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa litigasi memiliki keunggulan dalam memberikan kepastian hukum melalui putusan yang bersifat mengikat dan memiliki kekuatan eksekutorial. Namun, proses litigasi cenderung membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama, biaya yang lebih besar, serta berpotensi memperburuk hubungan para pihak. Sebaliknya, APS, seperti mediasi dan negosiasi, menawarkan proses yang lebih fleksibel, cepat, ekonomis, dan mengedepankan kesepakatan bersama. Keberhasilan APS sangat bergantung pada itikad baik dan kemauan para pihak untuk mencapai penyelesaian secara damai. Oleh karena itu, APS dapat menjadi alternatif yang efektif dalam penyelesaian sengketa harta dan utang bersama, sementara litigasi tetap diperlukan apabila upaya penyelesaian di luar pengadilan tidak menghasilkan kesepakatan atau terdapat sengketa yang memerlukan penetapan hukum secara tegas.
Kata Kunci: harta bersama, utang bersama, litigasi, alternatif penyelesaian sengketa, mediasi.
Abstract
The resolution of disputes over joint property and debts following a divorce often gives rise to complex legal issues because it involves the parties’ economic interests as well as differing views on the division of rights and obligations. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of resolving disputes over joint property and debts through litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms. The research method employed is normative legal research using a legislative, conceptual, and comparative approach. Data were obtained through a literature review of legislation, court decisions, and relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that litigation has the advantage of providing legal certainty through binding decisions that possess enforceable authority. However, the litigation process tends to be more time-consuming, more costly, and has the potential to worsen the relationship between the parties. Conversely, ADR, such as mediation and negotiation, offers a more flexible, faster, and more economical process that prioritizes mutual agreement. The success of ADR heavily depends on the good faith and willingness of the parties to reach a peaceful resolution. Therefore, ADR can serve as an effective alternative for resolving disputes over joint assets and debts, while litigation remains necessary if out-of-court settlement efforts fail to reach an agreement or if there are disputes that require a definitive legal ruling.
Keywords: joint property, joint debt, litigation, alternative dispute resolution, mediation
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Copyright (c) 2026 Widia Usada, Mhd. Yadi Harahap, Abd. Mukhsin

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