REDUKSI KEPEMILIKAN DAN KETIDAKSEMPURNAAN QABDH PADA SALDO MENGENDAP (MINIMUM BALANCE) EMAS DIGITAL PERSPEKTIF FATWA DSN-MUI NO. 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.70028Abstract
Abstrak
Transformasi kepemilikan emas dari bentuk fisik menuju emas digital melalui platform fintech memberi akses investasi hingga fraksi terkecil, namun memunculkan kesenjangan antara legitimasi syariah di hulu dan kebijakan operasional di hilir. Penelitian ini menganalisis kebijakan minimum balance (saldo mengendap) yang menahan sebagian fraksi emas nasabah agar tidak dapat dijual, dikirim, maupun dicetak. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan model estimasi kuantitatif sederhana, bersandar pada Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010 serta data Syarat dan Ketentuan platform. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga persoalan yang berakar tunggal pada hilangnya hak likuidasi total nasabah: saldo mengendap mereduksi kepemilikan dari milk al-tamm menjadi milk al-naqis; menghalangi penyempurnaan qabdh sehingga menimbulkan gharar pada fraksi tertahan; dan akumulasi dana mengendap publik yang diestimasi 53 hingga 530 kg emas berpotensi tergolong akl amwal al-nas bi al-bathil. Penelitian merekomendasikan mekanisme exit clause atau auto-buyback hingga saldo nol mutlak, pembebanan biaya pemeliharaan sebagai ujrah eksplisit di muka, serta pedoman exit-friendly system bagi OJK dan DSN-MUI.
Kata Kunci: Emas Digital; Milk al-Tamm; Qabdh; Saldo Mengendap; Syariah.
Abstract
The transformation of gold ownership from physical to digital form through fintech platforms enables fractional investment, yet creates a gap between upstream sharia legitimacy and downstream operational policy. This study analyzes the minimum balance policy that locks a fraction of customers’ gold so it cannot be sold, transferred, or printed. Employing normative-juridical research with statutory, conceptual, and a simple quantitative estimation approach, grounded in DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010 and platforms’ Terms and Conditions, the study finds three problems sharing a single root, namely the loss of customers’ full liquidation right: the minimum balance reduces ownership from milk al-tamm to milk al-naqis; it obstructs the perfection of qabdh, generating gharar over the withheld fraction; and the aggregate of locked public funds estimated at 53 to 530 kg of gold may fall under akl amwal al-nas bi al-bathil. The study recommends an exit clause or auto-buyback mechanism down to an absolute zero balance, charging maintenance fees explicitly as an upfront ujrah, and an exit-friendly system guideline for OJK and DSN-MUI.
Keywords: Digital Gold; Milk al-Tamm; Minimum Balance; Qabdh; Sharia.
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