TEORI HUKUM KRITIS DAN KETIMPANGAN AKSES KEADILAN BAGI KELOMPOK RENTAN DIGITAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.70813Abstract
Abstrak
Transformasi digital dalam sistem peradilan Indonesia, yang antara lain ditandai oleh keberlakuan administrasi perkara dan persidangan elektronik, kerap dipahami sebagai wujud kemajuan yang secara otomatis memperluas akses masyarakat terhadap keadilan. Artikel ini mengkritisi asumsi tersebut dengan menggunakan teori hukum kritis (critical legal studies) sebagai pisau analisis. Melalui penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan hukum acara elektronik yang tampak berlaku setara bagi semua pihak justru berpotensi mereproduksi, bahkan memperdalam, ketimpangan struktural yang telah ada, khususnya bagi kelompok rentan digital seperti masyarakat pedesaan, kelompok lanjut usia, penyandang disabilitas, dan kelompok berpenghasilan rendah. Kesenjangan penetrasi internet antarwilayah dan antargenerasi memperlihatkan bahwa prasyarat teknis untuk mengakses peradilan elektronik tidak dimiliki secara merata oleh seluruh warga negara. Dengan meminjam gagasan pemain berulang (repeat player) dan kritik atas objektivisme hukum, artikel ini berargumen bahwa digitalisasi peradilan yang tidak disertai desain struktural yang responsif berisiko memperlebar jurang antara pencari keadilan yang berdaya dan yang tidak berdaya. Artikel ini menawarkan rekonstruksi paradigma akses keadilan berbasis hukum responsif sebagai arah pembaruan kebijakan peradilan elektronik ke depan.
Kata Kunci: Teori Hukum Kritis; Akses Keadilan; Kesenjangan Digital; Kelompok Rentan; Peradilan Elektronik
Abstract
The digital transformation of Indonesia's judiciary, marked among other things by the enactment of electronic case administration and e-litigation procedures, is often assumed to automatically broaden public access to justice. This article challenges that assumption by employing critical legal studies as its analytical framework. Using normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, the article shows that electronic procedural rules that appear formally equal for all parties may in fact reproduce, and even deepen, pre-existing structural inequality, particularly for digitally vulnerable groups such as rural communities, the elderly, persons with disabilities, and low-income populations. Disparities in internet penetration across regions and generations demonstrate that the technical preconditions for accessing electronic courts are not evenly distributed among citizens. Drawing on the repeat-player thesis and the critique of legal objectivism, the article argues that judicial digitalization unaccompanied by a responsive structural design risks widening the gap between empowered and disempowered justice-seekers. The article proposes a reconstruction of the access-to-justice paradigm grounded in responsive law as a direction for future electronic-court policy reform.
Keywords: critical legal theory; access to justice; digital divide; vulnerable groups; electronic court
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Copyright (c) 2026 Yudin, Sudharmono, Fizar Mandara, Mira Nila Kusuma Dewi

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