PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA: UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN PENYELESAIAN PERKARA YANG BERKEADILAN

Abstract

Abstrak

Restorative justice merupakan pendekatan dalam sistem peradilan pidana yang menekankan pemulihan korban, pertanggungjawaban pelaku, dan pemulihan hubungan sosial. Penerapannya di Indonesia telah memiliki dasar hukum melalui berbagai peraturan, tetapi masih menghadapi persoalan berupa ketidakseragaman pemahaman aparat penegak hukum, perlindungan korban yang belum optimal, ketidakseimbangan para pihak, serta potensi penyalahgunaan mekanisme perdamaian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan restorative justice dan problematikanya dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan restorative justice belum sepenuhnya optimal karena masih terdapat perbedaan standar penerapan dan lemahnya perlindungan terhadap korban. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum, perlindungan korban, jaminan kesukarelaan para pihak, serta pengawasan yang efektif agar restorative justice dapat mewujudkan keadilan substantif.

Kata Kunci: Restorative Justice, Sistem Peradilan Pidana, Korban, Keadilan Restoratif.

Abstract

Restorative justice is an approach within the criminal justice system that emphasizes victim restoration, offender accountability, and the restoration of social relationships. Its implementation in Indonesia has been legally established through various regulations; however, it still faces several challenges, including inconsistent understanding among law enforcement officials, inadequate victim protection, imbalance between the parties, and the potential misuse of settlement mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the implementation of restorative justice and its challenges within the Indonesian criminal justice system. This research employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach through a literature review. The results indicate that the implementation of restorative justice has not yet been fully optimal due to differences in implementation standards and inadequate protection of victims. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, capacity building for law enforcement officials, victim protection, guarantees of the parties’ voluntary participation, and effective supervision are necessary to ensure that restorative justice can achieve substantive justice.

Keywords: Judicial System, Legal Certainty, Justice, Judicial Power.