ANALISIS MAQA<S}ID SYARI<‘AH TERHADAP PEMBATALAN KEBIJAKAN EKSPOR PASIR LAUT (Studi Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 5/P/HUM/2025)

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Kebijakan pengelolaan sedimentasi laut yang membuka kembali keran ekspor pasir laut memicu perdebatan sengit antara pemenuhan fiskal negara dan kelestarian ekologi. Kehadiran Putusan Mahkamah Agung (MA) Nomor 5/P/HUM/2025 menjadi intervensi yuridis penting yang membatalkan regulasi komersialisasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertimbangan hukum (ratio decidendi) Majelis Hakim Mahkamah Agung serta mengujinya melalui kacamata maqa>s}id syari>‘ah kontemporer berbasis fakta empiris. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif dan sifat penelitian deskriptif analitis. asil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara hukum positif, Mahkamah Agung berhasil membongkar formalisme hukum pemerintah yang manipulatif karena regulasi tersebut terbukti cacat wewenang dan mengabaikan prinsip kehati-hatian lingkungan (precautionary principle). Melalui kacamata maqa>s}id syari>‘ah kontemporer, putusan ini berhasil mengafirmasi perlindungan jiwa (h}ifz} an-nafs), harta (h}ifz} al-ma>l), dan lingkungan (h}ifz} al-bi>‘ah) bagi masyarakat pesisir. Selain itu, Putusan Mahkamah Agung ini juga merupakan manifestasi nyata dari penerapan prinsip sadd az\-z\ari>‘ah (menutup celah kerusakan) demi mencegah bencana ekologis yang bersifat permanen (irreversible). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Mahkamah Agung telah menegakkan kaidah fikih ekologis tertinggi dengan mendahulukan pencegahan kerusakan di atas klaim kemaslahatan ekonomi negara yang semu..

Kata Kunci: Maqa>s}id Syari>‘ah, Putusan Mahkamah Agung, Sedimentasi Laut, Sadd az\-Z|ari>‘ah.

ABSTRAK

The marine sedimentation management policy that reopened the door to sea sand exports sparked a fierce debate, pitting state fiscal needs against ecological sustainability. Supreme Court Ruling Number 5/P/HUM/2025 served as a crucial legal intervention, striking down the regulation that enabled this commercialization. This study aims to analyze the legal reasoning (ratio decidendi) of the Supreme Court panel and evaluate it through the lens of contemporary maqa>s}id syari>‘ah (the objectives of Islamic law) grounded in empirical facts. The study employs a qualitative method with a normative approach and a descriptive-analytical design. The findings indicate that, under positive law, the Supreme Court successfully exposed the government's manipulative legal formalism; the regulation was proven to be flawed regarding jurisdictional authority and disregarded the environmental precautionary principle. Viewed through the lens of contemporary maqa>s}id syari>‘ah, the ruling affirms the protection of life (h}ifz} an-nafs), property (h}ifz} al-ma>l), and the environment (h}ifz} al-bi>‘ah) for coastal communities. Furthermore, the ruling represents a tangible application of the principle of sadd al-dharī‘ah (blocking the means to harm) to prevent irreversible ecological disasters. The study concludes that the Supreme Court upheld the highest principles of ecological fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) by prioritizing the prevention of harm over illusory claims of state economic benefit.

Kaywords: Maqa>s}id Syari>‘ah, Supreme Court Ruling, Marine Sedimentation, Sadd az\-Z|ari>‘ah.