EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN REINTEGRASI SOSIAL DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK ASASI MANTAN NARAPIDANA TERORIS DI KOTA MAKASSAR

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kebijakan reintegrasi sosial dalam pemenuhan hak asasi mantan narapidana teroris di Kota Makassar serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menghambat dan mendukung pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologis dan humanis. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan analisis dokumen yang melibatkan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT), Balai Pemasyarakatan (Bapas), pemerintah daerah, serta mantan narapidana teroris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan reintegrasi sosial di Kota Makassar telah dilaksanakan melalui pembinaan deradikalisasi, pendampingan kemasyarakatan, forum silaturahmi, pelatihan keterampilan, pemberdayaan ekonomi, serta pelibatan tokoh agama dan tokoh masyarakat. Namun, pelaksanaannya belum optimal dan masih bersifat parsial serta belum berkelanjutan. Pemenuhan hak sosial, budaya, kesehatan, dan administrasi kependudukan relatif lebih baik, sedangkan pemenuhan hak ekonomi, terutama akses pekerjaan, pembiayaan usaha, dan tempat tinggal, masih menghadapi hambatan akibat stigma dan diskriminasi struktural. Faktor penghambat utama meliputi pencantuman status tindak pidana terorisme dalam SKCK, keterbatasan anggaran, diskontinuitas pendampingan setelah berakhirnya masa pembebasan bersyarat, trauma keluarga, serta isolasi sosial. Sementara itu, modal sosial budaya siri’ na pacce, dukungan keluarga, tokoh agama, dan keberadaan Rumah Moderasi Beragama menjadi faktor pendukung penting. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan reintegrasi sosial cukup efektif dalam mencegah rekrutmen dan residivisme, tetapi belum sepenuhnya mampu mewujudkan inklusi sosial dan pemenuhan hak asasi secara komprehensif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kebijakan reintegrasi yang berkelanjutan, terintegrasi, berbasis hak asasi manusia, serta melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan.

Kata kunci: reintegrasi sosial; mantan narapidana teroris; pemenuhan hak asasi manusia; deradikalisasi; Kota Makassar.

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social reintegration policies in fulfilling the human rights of former terrorist convicts in Makassar City and to identify the factors that hinder and support their implementation. This research employs a juridical-empirical method with sociological and humanistic approaches. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis involving the National Counter-Terrorism Agency (BNPT), the Correctional Center (Bapas), local government institutions, and former terrorist convicts. The findings indicate that social reintegration policies in Makassar City have been implemented through deradicalization programs, community-based assistance, social forums, skills training, economic empowerment, and the involvement of religious and community leaders. However, their implementation remains suboptimal, partial, and unsustainable. The fulfillment of social, cultural, health, and civil administrative rights is relatively better, while the fulfillment of economic rights, particularly access to employment, business financing, and housing, continues to face obstacles caused by stigma and structural discrimination. The main obstacles include the labeling of terrorism-related offenses in police clearance certificates (SKCK), limited funding, discontinuity of assistance after the completion of the conditional release period, family trauma, and social isolation. Meanwhile, local socio-cultural capital, particularly the values of siri’ na pacce, as well as family support, religious leaders, and the existence of the Religious Moderation House, constitute important supporting factors. The study concludes that the social reintegration policy is relatively effective in preventing direct recruitment and recidivism but has not yet fully achieved social inclusion and comprehensive fulfillment of human rights. Therefore, a sustainable and integrated reintegration policy based on human rights and involving multiple stakeholders is required.

Keywords: social reintegration; former terrorist convicts; human rights fulfillment; deradicalization; Makassar City.