KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PERJANJIAN KREDIT DAN PEMBIAYAAN DALAM SISTEM HUKUM PERDATA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.72090Abstract
ABSTRAK
Perjanjian kredit dan pembiayaan merupakan instrumen penting dalam kegiatan perbankan yang memiliki dasar hukum dalam sistem hukum perdata Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan hukum perjanjian kredit dan pembiayaan dalam perspektif hukum perdata, serta mengkaji perbedaan karakteristik keduanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian kredit merupakan bentuk perjanjian pinjam-meminjam yang tunduk pada ketentuan KUHPerdata, sedangkan pembiayaan (khususnya syariah) menggunakan akad yang memiliki dasar hukum tambahan berupa prinsip syariah. Keduanya memiliki kekuatan mengikat sebagai undang-undang bagi para pihak selama memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian. Dengan demikian, kedudukan hukum keduanya sama kuat dalam sistem hukum perdata, namun berbeda dalam prinsip dan mekanisme pelaksanaannya.
Kata Kunci: Perjanjian kredit, pembiayaan, hukum perdata, akad, perbankan.
ABSTRACT
Credit agreements and financing agreements are essential instruments in banking activities that have a legal basis within the Indonesian civil law system. This study aims to analyze the legal position of credit and financing agreements from a civil law perspective, as well as to examine the differences in their characteristics. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that a credit agreement is a form of loan agreement subject to the provisions of the Indonesian Civil Code, whereas financing agreements (particularly sharia-based) utilize contracts (akad) that are additionally grounded in sharia principles. Both types of agreements possess binding legal force equivalent to law for the parties involved, as long as they fulfill the legal requirements of a valid contract. Therefore, the legal standing of both agreements is equally strong within the civil law system; however, they differ in their underlying principles and implementation mechanisms.
Keywords: Credit agreement, financing, civil law, contract (akad), banking.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Fadli, Priyanto, Muh. Ramli

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