ANALISIS PRAKTIK OVERCLAIM DALAM JUAL BELI PRODUK SKINCARE MENURUT HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.72507Abstract
Abstrak
Perkembangan industri skincare di era digital mendorong persaingan bisnis yang semakin ketat sehingga memunculkan praktik overclaim dalam pemasaran produk skincare. Praktik ini dilakukan melalui penyampaian klaim manfaat yang berlebihan dan tidak didukung oleh bukti ilmiah yang memadai, sehingga berpotensi merugikan konsumen secara ekonomi maupun kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik overclaim dalam jual beli produk skincare berdasarkan perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Kajian ini menggunakan teori etika bisnis Islam, konsep tadlis, gharar, maqasid al-syariah, serta perlindungan konsumen melalui hak khiyar. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan metode perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan syariah, melalui tinjauan pustaka terhadap Al-Qur'an, hadis, peraturan BPOM, Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, serta jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik overclaim termasuk jenis tadlis dan gharar karena melibatkan unsur penipuan dan informasi yang tidak tepat dalam transaksi jual beli. Nilai-nilai Islam seperti kejujuran, keadilan, dan keterbukaan dilanggar oleh perilaku ini, serta dapat menyebabkan akad jual beli berstatus fasid. Selain itu, overclaim juga tidak sesuai dengan tujuan syariah karena berpotensi merugikan harta dan kesehatan konsumen. Perlindungan konsumen dalam Islam dapat diwujudkan melalui penerapan khiyar al-wasf sebagai hak pembatalan transaksi akibat ketidaksesuaian produk dengan klaim yang dijanjikan.
Kata Kunci: Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Overclaim, Skincare, Tadlis, Gharar.
Abstract
The development of the skincare industry in the digital era has driven increasingly fierce business competition, giving rise to the practice of overclaiming in the marketing of cosmetic products. This practice is carried out through the delivery of excessive benefit claims without adequate scientific evidence, potentially harming consumers economically and health-wise. This study aims to analyze the practice of overclaiming in the sale and purchase of skincare products from the perspective of Sharia Economic Law. This study uses the theory of Islamic business ethics, the concepts of tadlis, gharar, maqasid al-syar'ah, and consumer protection through the right of khiyar. The study uses a normative legal method with a statutory, conceptual, and sharia approach through a literature review of the Qur'an, hadith, BPOM regulations, the Consumer Protection Law, and various related scientific journals. The results of the study indicate that the practice of overclaiming is a form of tadlis and gharar because it contains elements of deception and unclear information in the sale and purchase transaction. This practice contradicts the principles of honesty, justice, and openness in Islam and can cause the sale and purchase contract to be declared fasid. Apart from that, overclaim is also not in line with maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah because it has the potential to harm consumers' property and health. Consumer protection in Islam can be realized through the application of khiyar al-washf as the right to cancel transactions due to product non-conformity with promised claims.
Keywords: Sharia Economic Law, Overclaim, Skincare, Tadlis, Gharar.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Junaidi, Ahmad Muhtar Syarofi

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