EFEKTIVITAS IMPLEMENTASI PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PENGANIAYAAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BERBASIS PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN SUBSTANTIF DI WILAYAH HUKUM POLRESTABES MAKASSAR

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas penyelesaian perkara penganiayaan melalui pendekatan restorative justice di wilayah hukum Polrestabes Makassar dan menilai hasilnya berdasarkan keadilan substantif. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan penyidik, korban, pelaku, dan tokoh masyarakat, serta telaah dokumen perkara dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Analisis dilakukan melalui reduksi data, pengelompokan tematik, dan verifikasi temuan dengan teori penegakan hukum dan teori restorative justice. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan restorative justice cukup efektif pada dimensi prosedural karena telah mencakup penyaringan perkara, penjelasan hak, dialog, kesepakatan tertulis, gelar perkara, dan pemantauan. Efektivitas substantif belum optimal karena kompetensi mediasi, pencatatan pelaksanaan kesepakatan, keseragaman asesmen, dan perlindungan terhadap kesukarelaan korban masih perlu diperkuat. Keadilan substantif tercapai apabila korban memperoleh pemulihan nyata, pelaku menjalankan tanggung jawab, para pihak berpartisipasi tanpa tekanan, dan kesepakatan mencegah konflik berulang. Oleh karena itu, keberhasilan tidak boleh hanya diukur dari jumlah perkara yang dihentikan, tetapi juga dari pelaksanaan kewajiban pemulihan dan keamanan korban setelah perdamaian.

Kata kunci: keadilan substantif; penganiayaan; penegakan hukum; restorative justice

Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of restorative justice in resolving assault cases within the jurisdiction of the Makassar Metropolitan Police and assesses the outcomes from the perspective of substantive justice. It applies an empirical legal method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews with investigators, victims, offenders, and a community representative, supplemented by case documents and statutory materials. The data were reduced, coded thematically, and verified using law-enforcement effectiveness theory and restorative justice theory. The findings indicate that implementation is reasonably effective at the procedural level because it includes case screening, explanation of rights, dialogue, written agreements, case review, and follow-up monitoring. Substantive effectiveness remains incomplete because mediation competence, agreement-compliance records, uniform assessment standards, and safeguards for victims' voluntary participation require improvement. Substantive justice is achieved when victims receive meaningful reparation, offenders fulfil their obligations, participation is free from coercion, and the agreement prevents renewed conflict. Success should therefore be measured not only by case termination but also by compliance with recovery obligations and the victim's safety after settlement.

Keywords: assault; law enforcement; restorative justice; substantive justice