EFEKTIVITAS PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PERTAMBANGAN DI LUAR WILAYAH IZIN USAHA PERTAMBANGAN (WIUP) DI KABUPATEN MOROWALI

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penegakan hukum tindak pidana pertambangan di luar Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan (WIUP) di Kabupaten Morowali serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan sosio-legal melalui wawancara, kuesioner, dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Teori Efektivitas Hukum Soerjono Soekanto dan Teori Sistem Hukum Lawrence M. Friedman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas penegakan hukum berada pada kategori efektif dengan nilai rata-rata 74,2%. Faktor hukum memperoleh nilai 82%, penegak hukum 79%, masyarakat 72%, budaya hukum 70%, dan sarana-prasarana 68%. Kendala utama yang mempengaruhi efektivitas penegakan hukum meliputi rendahnya kesadaran hukum pelaku usaha, tingginya motivasi ekonomi akibat nilai komoditas nikel, keterbatasan sarana pengawasan, serta belum optimalnya koordinasi antarlembaga. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peningkatan pengawasan, penguatan koordinasi antarinstansi, dan peningkatan kesadaran hukum pelaku usaha guna mewujudkan penegakan hukum pertambangan yang lebih efektif.

Kata Kunci: Efektivitas Hukum, Penegakan Hukum, Pertambangan, WIUP, Morowali.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against mining crimes conducted outside the Mining Business Permit Area (WIUP) in Morowali Regency and the factors influencing it. The research employed an empirical legal method with a socio-legal approach through interviews, questionnaires, and literature studies. The analysis was based on Soerjono Soekanto's Theory of Legal Effectiveness and Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory. The findings indicate that law enforcement effectiveness is classified as effective with an average score of 74.2%. The legal factor scored 82%, law enforcement officers 79%, community factor 72%, legal culture 70%, and facilities and infrastructure 68%. The main obstacles affecting law enforcement effectiveness include low legal awareness among business actors, strong economic incentives due to high nickel commodity prices, limited supervisory facilities, and suboptimal inter-agency coordination. Therefore, strengthening supervision, enhancing inter-agency coordination, and increasing legal awareness among mining business actors are necessary to improve the effectiveness of mining law enforcement.

Keywords: Legal Effectiveness, Law Enforcement, Mining Crime