KEBIJAKAN DAN REGULASI FINTECH SYARIAH DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN LITERATUR ATAS PERAN OJK DAN DSN-MUI DALAM ERA DIGITAL

Abstrak

Abstrak

Perkembangan ekonomi digital telah mendorong transformasi sistem keuangan nasional melalui inovasi financial technology (fintech), termasuk fintech syariah yang berorientasi pada kepatuhan terhadap prinsip keadilan, transparansi, serta pelarangan riba, gharar, dan maisir. Sejumlah penelitian terdahulu, seperti Hiyanti et al. (2019) dan Arner et al. (2020), menekankan bahwa potensi fintech syariah di Indonesia sangat besar, tetapi masih menghadapi permasalahan dalam literasi keuangan dan regulasi yang belum optimal. Noor et al. (2022) juga mengidentifikasi lemahnya perlindungan konsumen serta kurangnya harmonisasi antara OJK dan DSN-MUI dalam pengawasan fintech syariah. Meskipun demikian, data OJK (2024) menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dengan lebih dari 20 penyelenggara fintech syariah serta pertumbuhan tahunan menyentuh persentase 18%. Kebaruan (novelty) penelitian ini terletak pada analisis sinergis antara kebijakan OJK, fatwa DSN-MUI, dan Masterplan Ekonomi Syariah Indonesia 2019–2024 dalam membentuk tata kelola fintech syariah yang compliant terhadap prinsip Islam sekaligus adaptif terhadap transformasi digital. Pendekatan ini belum banyak dikaji secara integratif dalam literatur sebelumnya. Dengan demikian, studi ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis dan praktis terhadap penguatan regulasi, perlindungan konsumen, serta pengembangan ekosistem fintech syariah yang inklusif serta berkeadilan di Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Fintech Syariah, OJK, Regulasi, Ekonomi Digital

Abstract

The development of the digital economy has driven the transformation of the national financial system through financial technology (fintech) innovation, including Sharia fintech, which is oriented towards adherence to the principles of fairness, transparency, and the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (gharar), and maisir (gambling). Several previous studies, such as those by Hiyanti et al. (2019) and Arner et al. (2020), emphasize that the potential for Sharia fintech in Indonesia is enormous, but it still faces challenges in financial literacy and suboptimal regulations. Noor et al. (2022) also identified weak consumer protection and a lack of harmonization between the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the National Council of Indonesian Ulemas (DSN)-Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in supervising Sharia fintech. Nevertheless, OJK data (2024) shows significant growth, with more than 20 Sharia fintech operators and annual growth reaching 18%. The novelty of this research lies in the synergistic analysis of OJK policies, DSN-MUI fatwas, and the 2019–2024 Indonesian Sharia Economic Masterplan in shaping Sharia fintech governance that is compliant with Islamic principles and adaptive to digital transformation. This approach has not been widely studied in an integrative manner in previous literature. Thus, this study provides theoretical and practical contributions to strengthening regulations, consumer protection, and developing an inclusive and equitable Sharia fintech ecosystem in Indonesia.

Keywords: Sharia Fintech, OJK, Regulation, Digital Economy