REGULASI BISNIS BERKELANJUTAN DALAM INDUSTRI EKSTRAKTIF: KONSTRUKSI LEX SPECIALIS ESG BERBASIS HUKUM RESPONSIF
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v6i4.62486Abstrak
Abstrak
Industri ekstraktif di Indonesia, meskipun menjadi pilar ekonomi, berhadapan dengan tantangan keberlanjutan yang signifikan. Kerangka regulasi Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) yang ada saat ini bersifat fragmentatif, tersebar di berbagai peraturan sektoral, dan belum terintegrasi secara holistik. Kondisi ini menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum dan menghambat implementasi praktik bisnis berkelanjutan yang efektif. Artikel ini mengusulkan konstruksi lex specialis ESG untuk industri ekstraktif di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori hukum responsif. Melalui metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan, penelitian ini menganalisis kelemahan kerangka regulasi yang ada dan menawarkan sebuah model baru. Kebaruan (novelty) yang ditawarkan adalah (1) formulasi kerangka lex specialis ESG yang mengintegrasikan standar lingkungan, sosial, dan tata kelola secara spesifik untuk industri ekstraktif; (2) model ko-regulasi (dual regulatory framework) antara Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) untuk menciptakan pengawasan yang sinergis; dan (3) penerapan teori hukum responsif sebagai landasan filosofis untuk memastikan regulasi ESG bersifat adaptif, partisipatif, dan berorientasi pada keadilan substantif. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan pembentukan undang-undang khusus ESG untuk sektor ekstraktif yang tidak hanya memenuhi standar kepatuhan global, tetapi juga berakar pada konteks sosial-hukum Indonesia, sehingga mampu mendorong transformasi menuju industri ekstraktif yang adil dan berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci : ESG, Industri Ekstraktif, Bisnis Berkelanjutan, Lex Specialis, Teori Hukum Responsif, Tata Kelola Korporasi.
Abstract
The extractive industry in Indonesia, despite being a pillar of the economy, faces significant sustainability challenges. The current Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) regulatory framework is fragmentative, spread across various sectoral regulations, and has not been holistically integrated. This creates legal uncertainty and hinders the implementation of effective sustainable business practices. This article proposes the construction of ESG lex specialis for the extractive industry in Indonesia using a responsive legal theory approach. Through normative legal research methods with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study analyzes the weaknesses of the existing regulatory framework and offers a new model. The novelty offered is (1) the formulation of the ESG lex specialis framework that integrates environmental, social, and governance standards specifically for the extractive industry; (2) a co-regulatory model (dual regulatory framework) between the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (EMR) to create synergistic supervision; and (3) the application of responsive legal theory as a philosophical foundation to ensure that ESG regulations are adaptive, participatory, and oriented towards substantive justice. The results of this study recommend the establishment of a special ESG law for the extractive sector that not only meets global compliance standards, but is also rooted in Indonesia's socio-legal context, thereby being able to drive the transformation towards a fair and sustainable extractive industry.
Keywords: ESG, Extractive Industries, Sustainable Business, Lex Specialis, Responsive Legal Theory, Corporate Governance
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