KEDUDUKAN LIVING LAW SEBAGAI PRANATA HUKUM DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG No. 1 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i2.64905Abstrak
Abstrak
Indonesia sebagai negara hukum menganut asas legalitas dalam sistem hukum pidananya, sebagaimana tercermin dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Namun, perkembangan masyarakat yang plural dan berakar pada nilai-nilai budaya lokal menuntut pengakuan terhadap hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat (living law), khususnya hukum adat. Pengesahan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang KUHP menandai perubahan paradigma hukum pidana nasional dengan mengakomodasi keberlakuan living law sebagai dasar pemidanaan tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar pertimbangan filosofis, yuridis, dan sosiologis pengakuan living law sebagai pranata hukum dalam KUHP 2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengakuan living law dalam KUHP 2023 merupakan perwujudan dari nilai-nilai Pancasila, pengakuan konstitusional terhadap masyarakat hukum adat, serta upaya mewujudkan keadilan substantif yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Keberadaan living law diposisikan sebagai pengecualian terbatas terhadap asas legalitas, sepanjang memenuhi syarat masih hidup, berkembang dalam masyarakat, serta tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip hak asasi manusia dan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Dengan demikian, integrasi living law dalam hukum pidana nasional menjadi langkah strategis dalam membangun sistem hukum yang berkeadilan, berkepribadian, dan berakar pada nilai-nilai budaya bangsa.
Kata kunci: living law, hukum adat, hukum pidana, KUHP 2023, asas legalitas
Abstract
Indonesia, as a state governed by law, adheres to the principle of legality in its criminal law system, as reflected in the Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana/KUHP). However, the development of a plural society rooted in local cultural values necessitates the recognition of law living within society (living law), particularly customary law. The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code signifies a paradigm shift in national criminal law by accommodating the applicability of living law as a basis for certain forms of criminal liability. This study aims to analyze the philosophical, juridical, and sociological foundations for the recognition of living law as a legal institution within the 2023 Criminal Code. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches, conducted through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that the recognition of living law in the 2023 Criminal Code represents the embodiment of Pancasila values, constitutional recognition of customary law communities, and efforts to realize substantive justice that lives within society. The position of living law is construed as a limited exception to the principle of legality, provided that it remains alive and develops within society and does not conflict with human rights principles and the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, the integration of living law into national criminal law constitutes a strategic step toward building a just legal system with national character and rooted in the cultural values of the Indonesian people.
Keywords: living law, customary law, criminal law, Criminal Code 2023, principle of legality.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Fransiskus takdir dachi, Budiman Sinaga

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