PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP BATASAN TANGGUNGJAWAB PENANGGUNG (BORGTOCHT) DALAM PERKARA KEPAILITAN DAN PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN PEMBAYARAN UTANG (PKPU) TERHADAP KEWAJIBAN UTANG DEBITOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i3.67729Abstrak
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini mengkaji perlindungan hukum terhadap batasan tanggung jawab penanggung (borgtocht) dalam perkara kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) terhadap kewajiban utang debitor. Fokus utama penelitian adalah ketidakpastian hukum yang muncul akibat perbedaan penafsiran hakim mengenai kedudukan personal guarantee sebagai termohon dalam perkara PKPU, sebuah persoalan yang hingga kini belum memiliki keseragaman dalam praktik peradilan niaga Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis bahan hukum primer berupa Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan PKPU serta ketentuan KUHPerdata, didukung bahan hukum sekunder berupa putusan pengadilan, jurnal, dan karya ilmiah. Dua putusan Pengadilan Niaga Jakarta Pusat menjadi titik analisis utama, yaitu Putusan Nomor 212/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2019 yang menolak penarikan penjamin sebagai termohon PKPU, dan Putusan Nomor 141/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2020 yang justru mengabulkannya. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penarikan personal guarantor sebagai termohon PKPU bertentangan dengan Pasal 254 UU Nomor 37 Tahun 2004, yang secara tegas menyatakan PKPU tidak berlaku bagi penanggung. Konsekuensi hukum pelepasan hak istimewa penjamin hanya relevan dalam konteks kepailitan, bukan PKPU yang bertujuan restrukturisasi utang. Ketidakseragaman putusan hakim berpotensi merugikan penjamin secara materiil dan menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum yang menghambat ekosistem perkreditan. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan yurisprudensi atau Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung yang tegas guna memberikan pedoman seragam bagi seluruh hakim dalam penanganan perkara PKPU yang melibatkan personal guarantor.
Kata Kunci: Borgtocht, Kepailitan, PKPU, Personal Guarantee, Perlindungan Hukum.
ABSTRACT
This study examines the legal protection of the guarantor's liability limitations (borgtocht) in bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) cases regarding debtors' debt obligations. The primary focus of the study is the legal uncertainty arising from differing judges' interpretations of the status of a personal guarantee as a defendant in PKPU cases, an issue that has yet to be uniformly addressed in Indonesian commercial court practice. The study uses a normative juridical method by analyzing primary legal materials in the form of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and PKPU and provisions of the Civil Code, supported by secondary legal materials in the form of court decisions, journals, and scientific papers. Two decisions of the Central Jakarta Commercial Court serve as the primary points of analysis: Decision Number 212/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2019, which rejected the guarantor's withdrawal as a defendant in a PKPU case, and Decision Number 141/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2020, which granted it. The study concluded that the withdrawal of a personal guarantor as a defendant in a PKPU (Debt Suspension Order) contradicts Article 254 of Law Number 37 of 2004, which expressly states that a PKPU does not apply to guarantors. The legal consequences of waiving a guarantor's privileges are only relevant in the context of bankruptcy, not PKPU cases aimed at debt restructuring. The lack of uniformity in judicial decisions has the potential to materially harm guarantors and create legal uncertainty that hinders the credit ecosystem. Therefore, clear jurisprudence or a Supreme Court Circular Letter is needed to provide uniform guidelines for all judges in handling PKPU cases involving personal guarantors.
Keywords: Borgtocht, Bankruptcy, PKPU, Personal Guarantee, Legal Protection.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Udi Suhandoro, Ismail, Dewi Iryani

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