ANALISIS PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DAN TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA SERTA PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA (IPM) BERBASIS GENDER KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI JAMBI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.68036Abstrak
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kemiskinan, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) berbasis gender Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jambi periode 2020–2024. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi data panel. Berdasarkan hasil pemilihan model melalui uji Chow, uji Hausman, dan uji Lagrange Multiplier, model terbaik yang digunakan adalah Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan ketiga variabel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IPM berbasis gender. Secara parsial, tingkat kemiskinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dengan (prob. 0,0478), yang berarti peningkatan kemiskinan cenderung memperbesar kesenjangan pembangunan manusia antara laki-laki dan perempuan. TPT berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan dengan (prob. 0,1907). Sementara itu, pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan dengan (prob. 0,0037), sehingga peningkatannya berkontribusi menurunkan kesenjangan gender. Nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,308200 menunjukkan bahwa 30,82% variasi IPM berbasis gender dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel dalam model, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi faktor lain di luar penelitian.
Kata Kunci: indeks pembangunan manusi berbasis gender, pertumbuhan ekonomi, tingkat kemiskinan, tingkat pengangguran terbuka.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of poverty levels, open unemployment rates, and economic growth on the gender-based Human Development Index (HDI) of regencies/cities in Jambi Province for the period 2020–2024. The data used in this study are secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency using panel data regression analysis methods. Based on the results of model selection through the Chow test, Hausman test, and Lagrange Multiplier test, the best model used is the Random Effect Model (REM). The results show that simultaneously all three variables have a significant effect on the gender-based HDI. Partially, the poverty level has a positive and significant effect with (prob. 0.0478), which means that increasing poverty tends to widen the human development gap between men and women. The Open Entrance Exit has a positive but insignificant effect with (prob. 0.1907). Meanwhile, economic growth has a negative and significant effect with (prob. 0.0037), so that its increase contributes to reducing the gender gap. The coefficient of determination value of 0.308200 indicates that 30.82% of the variation in gender-based HDI can be explained by variables in the model, while the remainder is influenced by other factors outside the study.
Keywords: economic growth, gender based human development index, open unemployment rate, poverty rate.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Joko Prastio, Etik Umiyati, Dwi Hastuti

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