PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMEGANG SERTIFIKAT HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH YANG DIKUASAI PIHAK LAIN DI KOTA PAREPARE

Abstrak

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang Sertifikat Hak Milik (SHM) atas tanah yang dikuasai pihak lain di Kota Parepare, faktor penyebab perlindungan hukum belum memberikan kepastian hukum dan keadilan, serta konstruksi perlindungan hukum yang ideal dalam penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kasus pembekuan 117 SHM di kawasan reklamasi Cempae Kota Parepare akibat adanya klaim aset Pemerintah Kota Parepare. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang SHM dilakukan melalui perlindungan hukum formal berupa penerbitan sertifikat sebagai alat bukti hak atas tanah, perlindungan preventif melalui pemeriksaan data fisik dan yuridis, perlindungan represif melalui mediasi dan penyelesaian sengketa, serta pengawasan dan koordinasi antarinstansi. Namun, perlindungan hukum tersebut belum berjalan secara optimal karena masih terdapat pembekuan layanan pertanahan dan sengketa kepemilikan tanah. Faktor penyebab perlindungan hukum belum memberikan kepastian hukum dan keadilan terdiri atas lemahnya sinkronisasi data pertanahan antara BPN dan pemerintah daerah, adanya klaim aset pemerintah daerah terhadap tanah yang telah bersertifikat, serta pembekuan layanan pertanahan terhadap SHM masyarakat. Adapun konstruksi perlindungan hukum yang ideal dilakukan melalui penguatan sinkronisasi data pertanahan, peningkatan koordinasi antarinstansi, penyelesaian sengketa melalui mediasi dan pengadilan, serta penguatan sistem administrasi pertanahan agar tercipta kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kemanfaatan bagi masyarakat pemegang SHM.

Kata Kunci: perlindungan hukum, sertifikat hak milik, sengketa tanah, kepastian hukum, Kota Parepare.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for holders of Freehold Title Certificates (Sertifikat Hak Milik/SHM) over land controlled by other parties in Parepare City, the factors causing legal protection to fail in providing legal certainty and justice, and the ideal construction of legal protection in resolving land disputes. This research was motivated by the freezing of 117 SHMs in the Cempae reclamation area of Parepare City due to claims by the Parepare City Government that the land constituted regional government assets. This research employed field research with a qualitative approach and an empirical juridical method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The results show that legal protection for SHM holders is carried out through formal legal protection in the form of certificate issuance as proof of land rights, preventive legal protection through verification of physical and juridical data, repressive legal protection through mediation and dispute resolution mechanisms, as well as supervision and coordination among institutions. However, such legal protection has not been implemented optimally due to the freezing of land administration services and ongoing land ownership disputes. The factors causing legal protection to fail in providing legal certainty and justice include weak synchronization of land data between the National Land Agency (BPN) and the local government, claims by the regional government over land already certified under SHM, and the freezing of land administration services affecting community-owned SHMs. The ideal construction of legal protection should therefore involve strengthening land data synchronization, improving inter-agency coordination, resolving disputes through mediation and litigation, and reinforcing the land administration system in order to realize legal certainty, justice, and public benefit for SHM holders.

Keywords: legal protection, freehold title certificate, land dispute, legal certainty, Parepare City.