TRANSPARANSI, AKUNTABILITAS, DAN EFISIENSI PROSEDUR KEPAILITAN: AGENDA REFORMASI KELEMBAGAAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN PASAR

Abstrak

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan prinsip transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan efisiensi dalam prosedur kepailitan serta merumuskan agenda reformasi kelembagaan untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan pasar, dengan studi kasus kepailitan PT Nyonya Meneer berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Niaga Semarang Nomor 11/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2017/PN Smg, menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis-empiris, pendekatan kasus, dan komparatif terbatas terhadap standar internasional UNCITRAL dan World Bank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan ketiga prinsip tersebut berlangsung tidak merata dan terdapat kesenjangan signifikan antara norma UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 dengan praktik nyata, di mana transparansi hanya terpenuhi secara formal, akuntabilitas kurator berjalan terbatas akibat lemahnya kapasitas pengawasan yudisial, dan efisiensi terhambat oleh kompleksitas aset serta panjangnya proses penjualan aset tidak berwujud. Kendala yang ditemukan bersifat multidimensional, meliputi keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi informasi, tidak adanya standar pelaporan yang seragam, konflik kepentingan antarpihak, rendahnya literasi hukum kepailitan kreditur kecil, dan lemahnya koordinasi antarlembaga, sehingga reformasi yang diperlukan harus bersifat komprehensif dan sistemik, mencakup modernisasi sistem informasi kepailitan berbasis digital, penguatan standar profesional kurator, peningkatan kapasitas hakim niaga, revisi regulasi yang berorientasi rehabilitasi, adopsi prinsip UNCITRAL Model Law, dan pergeseran paradigma kepailitan dari likuidasi menuju pemulihan nilai dan rehabilitasi usaha demi terwujudnya kepercayaan pasar yang berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci: Kepailitan, Transparansi, Akuntabilitas, Efisiensi, Reformasi Kelembagaan, Kepercayaan Pasar, PT Nyonya Meneer

Abstract

This study examines the application of transparency, accountability, and efficiency principles in bankruptcy procedures and formulates an institutional reform agenda to enhance market confidence, using the bankruptcy of PT Nyonya Meneer as a case study based on the Semarang Commercial Court Decision Number 11/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2017/PN Smg, employing empirical legal research methods with a juridical-empirical approach, case study approach, and limited comparative approach against UNCITRAL and World Bank international standards. The findings reveal that the application of these three principles was uneven and a significant gap existed between the norms of Law No. 37 of 2004 and actual practice, where transparency was fulfilled only in a formal sense, curator accountability was limited due to weak judicial oversight capacity, and efficiency was hindered by asset complexity and the lengthy process of selling intangible assets. The obstacles identified were multidimensional in nature, encompassing limitations in information technology infrastructure, the absence of uniform reporting standards, conflicts of interest among parties, low bankruptcy law literacy among small creditors, and weak inter-agency coordination, such that the required reforms must be comprehensive and systemic, covering the modernization of a digitally-based bankruptcy information system, strengthened professional standards for curators, enhanced capacity of commercial court judges, rehabilitation-oriented regulatory revision, adoption of UNCITRAL Model Law principles, and a paradigm shift in bankruptcy from liquidation toward value recovery and business rehabilitation in order to achieve sustainable market confidence.

Keywords: Bankruptcy, Transparency, Accountability, Efficiency, Institutional Reform, Market Confidence, PT Nyonya Meneer