KEADILAN PROSEDURAL DALAM PENERTIBAN KAWASAN HUTAN OLEH SATUAN TUGAS PENERTIBAN KAWASAN HUTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.68807Abstrak
Abstrak
Permasalahan penguasaan dan pemanfaatan kawasan hutan secara tidak sah merupakan salah satu tantangan utama dalam tata kelola sumber daya alam di Indonesia yang berdampak terhadap kerusakan lingkungan, hilangnya fungsi ekologis kawasan hutan, serta berkurangnya penerimaan negara. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, pemerintah membentuk Satuan Tugas Penertiban Kawasan Hutan (Satgas PKH) melalui Peraturan Presiden Nomor 5 Tahun 2025 yang diberikan kewenangan untuk melakukan penagihan denda administratif, penguasaan kembali kawasan hutan, dan pemulihan aset negara di kawasan hutan. Meskipun pembentukan Satgas PKH dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penegakan hukum kehutanan, pelaksanaan kewenangan tersebut tetap harus diselenggarakan sesuai dengan prinsip negara hukum dan keadilan prosedural guna menjamin perlindungan hak-hak pihak yang menjadi objek penertiban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kewenangan Satgas PKH berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 5 Tahun 2025 serta mengkaji sejauh mana prinsip keadilan prosedural telah diakomodasi dalam pelaksanaan kewenangan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan analitis melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan Satgas PKH memiliki urgensi dan manfaat strategis dalam mempercepat penyelesaian permasalahan penguasaan kawasan hutan, mengoptimalkan pemulihan aset negara, dan meningkatkan penerimaan negara. Namun demikian, Peraturan Presiden Nomor 5 Tahun 2025 masih menyisakan sejumlah persoalan terkait keadilan prosedural. Pengaturan mengenai mekanisme keberatan administratif, jangka waktu penagihan denda administratif, hak untuk didengar (right to be heard), standar pembuktian, serta akses terhadap upaya hukum belum diatur secara komprehensif. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kekosongan norma (rechtsvacuum) yang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan mengurangi perlindungan hak-hak prosedural subjek hukum yang terdampak oleh tindakan penertiban kawasan hutan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengaturan lebih lanjut yang secara tegas mengakomodasi prinsip keadilan prosedural melalui mekanisme keberatan administratif, prosedur pemeriksaan yang transparan, standar pembuktian yang jelas, dan akses terhadap upaya hukum yang efektif guna mewujudkan keseimbangan antara kepentingan negara dalam penertiban kawasan hutan dan perlindungan hak warga negara dalam kerangka negara hukum yang demokratis.
Kata Kunci: Keadilan Prosedural, Satgas PKH, Penertiban Kawasan Hutan, Denda Administratif, Hukum Administrasi Negara.
Abstract
The unlawful occupation and utilization of forest areas constitute one of the major challenges in Indonesia’s natural resource governance, resulting in environmental degradation, loss of ecological functions, and reduced state revenue. To address these issues, the Government established the Forest Area Enforcement Task Force (Satuan Tugas Penertiban Kawasan Hutan – Satgas PKH) through Presidential Regulation Number 5 of 2025, granting authority to impose administrative fines, reclaim forest areas, and recover state assets located within forest zones. Although the establishment of Satgas PKH is intended to strengthen the effectiveness of forest law enforcement, the exercise of such authority must remain consistent with the principles of the rule of law and procedural justice to ensure the protection of affected parties’ rights. This study aims to analyze the authority of Satgas PKH under Presidential Regulation Number 5 of 2025 and examine the extent to which procedural justice principles are accommodated in the implementation of such authority. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches through the examination of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that Satgas PKH plays a strategic role in accelerating the resolution of unlawful forest area occupation, optimizing state asset recovery, and increasing state revenue. Nevertheless, Presidential Regulation Number 5 of 2025 still presents several procedural justice concerns. The regulation does not comprehensively govern administrative objection mechanisms, time limits for administrative fine collection, the right to be heard, standards of proof, or access to legal remedies. This condition reflects a normative gap (rechtsvacuum) that may create legal uncertainty and weaken the procedural protection afforded to parties affected by forest area enforcement measures. Therefore, further regulatory measures are required to explicitly incorporate procedural justice principles through administrative objection mechanisms, transparent examination procedures, clear evidentiary standards, and effective legal remedies in order to balance the state's interest in forest area enforcement with the protection of citizens' rights within a democratic rule-of-law framework.
Keywords: Procedural Justice, Forest Area Enforcement Task Force, Forest Area Enforcement, Administrative Fines, Administrative Law.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Hendrikus Andy Leon Theovanus, Rio Bonang, Moh Rivai Arisandi, Benyamin Wihardja, Sarifah Ainun Jariyah, Mella Ismelina F. Rahayu

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