ANALISIS FATWA DSN-MUI TERHADAP PRAKTEK TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE PADA PLATFORM TIKTOK SHOP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.68974Abstrak
Abstrak
Perkembangan e-commerce di Indonesia pasca-pandemi meningkat pesat, terutama melalui platform TikTok Shop yang kini menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup digital masyarakat. Namun, peningkatan transaksi tersebut juga diiringi berbagai bentuk penipuan seperti refund palsu, produk yang tidak sesuai deskripsi, Cash on Delivery (COD) fiktif, serta penjual atau fake order yang memanipulasi data pembelian. Kajian terdahulu belum banyak menelaah kasus penipuan aktual pada platform ini berdasarkan fatwa DSN-MUI, sehingga penelitian ini mengisi kesenjangan tersebut dengan menganalisis transaksi bermasalah di TikTok Shop menurut Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 110/2017 tentang Akad Jual Beli, No. 116/2017 tentang Uang Elektronik Syariah, dan No. 146/2021 tentang Online Shop Syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk penipuan dalam transaksi e-commerce serta menjelaskan ketentuan hukumnya menurut prinsip syariah. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-doktrinal melalui studi kepustakaan, dokumentasi kasus aktual, dan wawancara dengan korban transaksi bermasalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai modus penipuan tersebut termasuk kategori transaksi fasid karena mengandung unsur gharar, tadlis, dan ghisy. Praktik tersebut bertentangan dengan prinsip keadilan, keterbukaan informasi, serta tanggung jawab dalam muamalah. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya peningkatan literasi hukum ekonomi syariah bagi regulator, pelaku usaha, dan konsumen Muslim untuk mewujudkan ekosistem perdagangan daring yang lebih jujur, aman, dan sesuai nilai-nilai syariah.
Kata Kunci: E-Commerce; Fatwa DSN-MUI; Penipuan Digital; TikTok Shop; Transaksi Bermasalah
Abstract
The growth of e-commerce in Indonesia post-pandemic has increased rapidly, particularly through the TikTok Shop platform, which has now become part of people's digital lifestyles. However, this increase in transactions has also been accompanied by various forms of fraud, such as fake refunds, products that do not match their descriptions, fictitious Cash on Delivery (COD), and sellers or fake orders that manipulate purchase data. Previous studies have not examined actual fraud cases on this platform based on fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI). Therefore, this study fills this gap by analyzing problematic transactions on TikTok Shop according to DSN-MUI Fatwas No. 110/2017 concerning Sales and Purchase Contracts, No. 116/2017 concerning Sharia Electronic Money, and No. 146/2021 concerning Sharia Online Shops.This study aims to identify forms of fraud in e-commerce transactions and explain their legal provisions according to Sharia principles. The method used is normative-doctrinal legal research through literature review, documentation of actual cases, and interviews with victims of problematic transactions. The research results show that these various fraudulent methods fall into the category of fasid transactions because they contain elements of gharar, tadlis, and ghisy. These practices contradict the principles of justice, information transparency, and responsibility in transactions. These findings underscore the importance of improving Islamic economic legal literacy for regulators, businesses, and Muslim consumers to create a more honest, secure, and sharia-compliant online trading ecosystem.
Keywords: E-Commerce; DSN-MUI Fatwa; Digital Fraud; TikTok Shop; Problematic Transactions.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Syifani Nur Azizah, Abdul Rochim, Ryan Bianda

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