POLITIK HUKUM REGULASI KORPORASI DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG : ANALISIS TERHADAP RELASI NEGARA, PASAR DAN KORPORASI PADA PT PERTAMINA PATRA NIAGA PARE-PARE

Abstrak

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis politik hukum regulasi korporasi di negara berkembang melalui kajian terhadap relasi negara, pasar, dan korporasi pada PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Parepare. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris (socio-legal) untuk mengkaji hukum sebagai norma sekaligus praktik sosial dalam distribusi BBM subsidi. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi dengan melibatkan pihak pemerintah daerah, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga, serta masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negara memiliki posisi dominan sebagai regulator melalui penetapan kuota, harga, dan kebijakan distribusi BBM. Namun, implementasi regulasi masih menghadapi kesenjangan antara kebijakan hukum di atas kertas dengan realitas sosial-ekonomi masyarakat di lapangan. Sistem digitalisasi distribusi BBM seperti QR Code Subsidi Tepat dinilai belum sepenuhnya efektif karena kendala infrastruktur dan rendahnya literasi digital masyarakat. Selain itu, lemahnya pengawasan distribusi membuka peluang terjadinya penimbunan dan penyalahgunaan BBM subsidi oleh oknum tertentu. Aktivitas ekonomi lokal di Parepare sebagai kota transit dan pusat logistik turut memengaruhi tingginya kebutuhan energi sehingga regulasi yang bersifat kaku sering kali memicu kelangkaan BBM. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa politik hukum regulasi energi harus diarahkan pada pembentukan kebijakan yang lebih adaptif, transparan, dan responsif terhadap dinamika pasar lokal guna menjaga stabilitas ekonomi dan mewujudkan keadilan distributif bagi masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Politik Hukum, Regulasi Korporasi, Negara, Pasar, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga, Distribusi BBM.

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the legal politics of corporate regulation in developing countries through an examination of the relationship between the state, the market, and corporations at PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Parepare. The research employs a qualitative method with an empirical juridical (socio-legal) approach to examine law both as a normative framework and as a social practice in the distribution of subsidized fuel. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving local government officials, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga representatives, and the community. The findings reveal that the state holds a dominant position as regulator through the determination of quotas, pricing, and fuel distribution policies. However, the implementation of these regulations still faces a gap between legal policies in theory and socio-economic realities in practice. The digitalization system for fuel distribution, such as the QR Code-based Subsidized Fuel Program, has not been fully effective due to infrastructure limitations and low levels of digital literacy among the public. Furthermore, weak supervision in distribution creates opportunities for hoarding and misuse of subsidized fuel by certain actors. Local economic activities in Parepare as a transit city and logistics hub also significantly influence energy demand, causing rigid regulations to frequently trigger fuel shortages. This study concludes that the legal politics of energy regulation should be directed toward establishing policies that are more adaptive, transparent, and responsive to local market dynamics in order to maintain economic stability and achieve distributive justice for society.

Keywords: Legal Politics, Corporate Regulation, State, Market, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga, Fuel Distribution.