PENGARUH MANAJEMEN MODAL KERJA DAN PROFITABILITAS UMKM DI MASA INFLASI: Studi pada UMKM di Kecamatan Baruga Kota Kendari
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.69631Abstrak
Abstrak
Usaha Mikro dan Kecil memiliki peran strategis dalam perekonomian Indonesia, namun memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap tekanan inflasi yang dapat menggerus profitabilitas. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana manajemen modal kerja dan inflasi secara parsial maupun simultan memengaruhi profitabilitas UMK di Kecamatan Baruga, Kota Kendari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh manajemen modal kerja dan inflasi terhadap profitabilitas UMK di masa inflasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif asosiatif dengan pendekatan regresi linear berganda. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 35 pelaku usaha mikro dan kecil di Kota Kendari yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dengan instrumen kuesioner berskala Likert lima poin yang telah memenuhi uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen modal kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, yang berarti semakin efektif pelaku usaha mengelola kas, persediaan, dan piutang maka semakin tinggi kemampuan usaha mempertahankan margin keuntungan. Sebaliknya, inflasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan, di mana tekanan kenaikan harga bahan baku dan biaya operasional tidak sepenuhnya dapat diimbangi oleh kenaikan harga jual sehingga menekan kinerja keuangan usaha. Secara simultan, kedua variabel tersebut berpengaruh signifikan dengan kontribusi yang substansial terhadap profitabilitas. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa efektifitas pengelolaan modal kerja menjadi strategi defensif utama bagi UMK untuk mempertahankan profitabilitas di tengah tekanan inflasi. Implikasi praktis penelitian ini adalah pentingnya penguatan pencatatan arus kas, disiplin penagihan piutang, efisiensi persediaan, serta strategi adaptif berupa inovasi produk dan kemitraan supplier agar UMKM mampu menjaga kelangsungan dan kinerja usaha di tengah dinamika makroekonomi.
Kata kunci: manajemen modal kerja, inflasi, profitabilitas, UMKM
AbstractMicro and Small Enterprises play a strategic role in the Indonesian economy; however, they remain highly vulnerable to inflationary pressures that can erode profitability. The main issue examined in this study is how working capital management and inflation, both partially and simultaneously, affect the profitability of MSEs in Baruga, Kendari City. This study aims to analyze the effect of working capital management and inflation on the profitability of MSEs during inflationary periods. The research employed a quantitative associative method using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample comprised 35 micro and small enterprise owners in Kendari City, selected through purposive sampling, with data collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that met validity and reliability standards. The results reveal that working capital management has a positive and significant effect on profitability, indicating that the more effectively business owners manage cash, inventory, and receivables, the greater their capacity to maintain profit margins. Conversely, inflation exerts a negative and significant effect, as rising raw material prices and operational costs cannot be fully offset by selling price adjustments, thereby compressing financial performance. Simultaneously, both variables significantly contribute to profitability with a substantial joint effect. These findings confirm that effective working capital management serves as the primary defensive strategy for MSEs to sustain profitability amid inflationary pressures. The practical implications underscore the importance of strengthening cash flow record-keeping, accounts receivable discipline, inventory efficiency, and adaptive strategies such as product innovation and supplier partnerships to enable MSEs to maintain business continuity and performance within an evolving macroeconomic environment.
Keywords: working capital management, inflation, profitability, MSEs
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