KEABSAHAN SHĪGHAT AKAD PADA FITUR CHECKOUT MARKETPLACE (ANALISIS MU‘AṬĀH DALAM KITAB FATHUL MU’IN)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.70417Abstrak
Abstrak
Perkembangan marketplace telah mengubah mekanisme transaksi jual beli dari sistem konvensional menuju sistem digital yang tidak lagi menggunakan ijab dan qabul secara verbal. Dalam praktik marketplace, akad dilakukan melalui tindakan digital seperti menekan fitur checkout yang berfungsi sebagai konfirmasi transaksi. Kondisi ini menimbulkan persoalan hukum mengenai keabsahan shīghat akad dalam perspektif fikih mazhab Syafi’i, khususnya terkait kedudukan akad tanpa lafaz (mu‘āṭāh). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep shīghat al-‘aqd dalam kitab Fathul Mu‘īn, mengkaji konsep mu‘āṭāh beserta batasan keabsahannya, serta menganalisis kedudukan fitur checkout sebagai bentuk shīghat akad digital. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan (library research) dan pendekatan normatif-fikih (fiqhiyyah). Data primer diperoleh dari kitab Fathul Mu‘īn beserta syarahnya, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari jurnal dan kajian kontemporer terkait transaksi digital. Teknik analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan qiyās dan fikih muamalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa esensi shīghat terletak pada fungsi dalālah, yaitu kemampuan menunjukkan adanya kerelaan dan kesepakatan para pihak. Dalam konteks ini, fitur checkout dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk persetujuan digital yang memiliki fungsi serupa dengan ijab dan qabul. Selain itu, mekanisme checkout memiliki kesamaan dengan konsep mu‘āṭāh karena sama-sama menggunakan tindakan sebagai indikator kerelaan tanpa lafaz verbal. Oleh karena itu, fitur checkout dalam marketplace dapat diposisikan sebagai bentuk shīghat akad digital yang sah selama memenuhi unsur-unsur akad jual beli menurut syariat.
Kata Kunci: shīghat akad, mu‘āṭāh, checkout marketplace, fikih muamalah, mazhab Syafi’i.
Abstract
The development of marketplaces has transformed the mechanism of buying and selling transactions from conventional systems into digital systems that no longer employ verbal ijab and qabul. In marketplace practices, contracts are conducted through digital actions such as pressing the checkout feature, which functions as transaction confirmation. This phenomenon raises legal questions regarding the validity of shīghat al-‘aqd within the perspective of Shafi‘i jurisprudence, particularly concerning the status of non-verbal contracts (mu‘āṭāh). This study aims to analyze the concept of shīghat al-‘aqd in Fathul Mu‘īn, examine the concept of mu‘āṭāh along with its legal limitations, and analyze the position of the checkout feature as a form of digital contractual expression. This research is qualitative library research employing a normative-fiqh (fiqhiyyah) approach. Primary data were obtained from Fathul Mu‘īn and its commentaries, while secondary data were collected from journals and contemporary studies related to digital transactions. The data were analyzed descriptively and analytically using the approaches of qiyās and Islamic commercial jurisprudence. The results show that the essence of shīghat lies in its function as dalālah, namely the ability to indicate mutual consent and agreement between the parties. In this context, the checkout feature may be understood as a form of digital consent that performs a function similar to ijab and qabul. Furthermore, the checkout mechanism shares similarities with the concept of mu‘āṭāh, as both rely on actions rather than verbal expressions as indicators of consent. Therefore, the checkout feature in marketplaces may be regarded as a valid form of digital shīghat, provided that the other pillars and conditions of sale contracts in Islamic law are fulfilled.
Keywords: shīghat al-‘aqd, mu‘āṭāh, marketplace checkout, Islamic commercial law, Shafi‘i school.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Maulidi Ahmad Samako, Roisul Adib

Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Once an article was published in the journal, the author(s) are:
- to retain copyright and grant to the journal right licensed under Creative Commons License Attribution that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship.
- permitted to publish their work online in third parties as it can lead wider dissemination of the work, with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal
- continue to be the copyright owner and allow the journal to publish the article with the CC BY-NC-SA license
- receiving a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) of the work.





