PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI INVESTOR PADA FINTECH P2P LENDING SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Abstrak

Abstrak

Pesatnya perkembangan industri fintech P2P lending syariah di Indonesia membuka peluang investasi digital, namun sekaligus menghadirkan risiko kerugian finansial yang signifikan bagi investor (lender). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme perlindungan hukum bagi investor pada fintech P2P lending syariah serta implikasinya dalam perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (HES). Penelitian hukum normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual berbasis data utama Peraturan OJK dan Fatwa DSN-MUI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka regulasi OJK telah merancang instrumen perlindungan preventif dan represif, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi celah hukum dan tantangan operasional yang merugikan investor. Ditinjau dari HES, investor berkedudukan sebagai muwakkil yang berhak atas transparansi pengelolaan dana, sedangkan pencantuman klausula eksonerasi sepihak oleh platform mencederai asas keadilan dan keseimbangan kontraktual. Oleh karena itu, regulator disarankan segera menerbitkan aturan teknis standar pengawasan dan audit kepatuhan syariah, serta melarang secara tegas pencantuman klausula eksonerasi guna mewujudkan perlindungan hukum yang berkeadilan.

Kata Kunci: Fintech P2P Lending Syariah; Perlindungan Investor; Hukum Ekonomi Syariah.

Abstract

The rapid development of the Sharia Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending fintech industry in Indonesia has opened digital investment opportunities, yet it simultaneously poses significant risks of financial loss for investors (lenders). This research aims to analyze the legal protection mechanisms for investors in Sharia P2P lending fintech and their implications from the perspective of Sharia Economic Law (HES). This normative legal research employs statutory and conceptual approaches, relying primarily on the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Regulations and the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) Fatwas. The results indicate that while the OJK regulatory framework has established both preventive and repressive protection instruments, their implementation continues to face legal loopholes and operational challenges that disadvantage investors. From the HES perspective, investors hold the position of muwakkil (principals) who are entitled to transparency in fund management, whereas the unilateral inclusion of exoneration clauses by platforms violates the principles of justice and contractual equilibrium. Therefore, regulators are advised to promptly issue technical standards for supervision and Sharia compliance audits, and strictly prohibit the inclusion of exoneration clauses to ensure equitable legal protection.

Keywords: Sharia P2P Lending Fintech; Investor Protection; Sharia Economic Law.