ANALISIS PERTANGGUNGAN RISIKO TERHADAP OBJEK SEWA PERAHU DI ULEE LHEUE DALAM PERSPEKTIF AKAD IJĀRAH ‘ALĀ AL-MANĀFI’
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i4.71373Abstract
Abstrak
Praktik sewa-menyewa perahu di kawasan Ulee Lheue merupakan sebuah kegiatan muamalah yang menarik untuk dikaji secara mendalam, khususnya terkait mekanisme pertanggungan risiko terhadap keselamatan objek sewa dalam kerangka ijārah ‘alā al-manāfi’. Dalam hukum islam ijārah ‘alā al-manāfi’ didefinisikan sebagai akad pemindahan hak guna atas suatu barang tanpa disertai pemindahan kepemilikan, yang keabsahannya sangat bergantung pada kejelasan manfaat, kepastian jangka waktu, kesepakatan upah (ujrah), serta transparansi tanggung jawab para pihak terhadap objek yang disewakan. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang mengandalkan observasi lapangan serta wawancara mendalam dengan para pemilik dan penyewa perahu, terungkap bahwa dinamika perjanjian di lokasi tersebut telah melekat pada prinsip keterbukaan dan keadilan. Meskipun praktik ini secara umum sesuai dengan kerangka ijārah ‘alā al-manāfi’ karena objek akadnya adalah manfaat perahu, bukan kepemilikannya ketiadaan klausul pertanggungan risiko yang terperinci menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diperlukan perjanjian tertulis yang memuat pembagian risiko secara proporsional sesuai prinsip ḍamān dalam ijārah ‘alā al-manāfi’ guna menjamin keadilan dan kepastian hukum bagi kedua belah pihak.
Kata kunci: ijārah ‘alā al-manāfi’, perjanjian sewa perahu, pertanggungan risiko.
Abstract
The practice of boat rentals in Ulee Lheue is a compelling transaction activity to study, particularly regarding the risk coverage mechanisms for leased objects within the framework of ijārah ‘alā al-manāfi’. In Islamic law, this contract is defined as the transfer of usufructuary rights without the transfer of ownership. Its validity depends on the clarity of benefits, a defined time period, the wage agreement (ujrah), and transparency regarding the parties' responsibilities. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on field observations and in-depth interviews, this study reveals that the dynamics of these agreements inherently reflect principles of openness and fairness. While the practice generally aligns with ijārah ‘alā al-manāfi’ as the contract's object is the boat's utility rather than its ownership the absence of detailed risk coverage clauses creates legal uncertainty. Consequently, this study concludes that a written agreement incorporating proportional risk-sharing, based on the principle of ḍamān, is essential to ensure justice and legal certainty for both parties.
Keywords: ijārah ‘alā al-manāfi’, boat rental agreement, risk allocation.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mutia Sari, Muhammad Yusuf

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