PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI NASABAH DAN BMT UGT CAPEM DONOMULYO DALAM PEMBIAYAAN JAMINAN EMAS

Abstrak

Abstrak. Pembiayaan jaminan emas merupakan produk unggulan KSPPS BMT UGT Nusantara yang menggunakan akad rahn bil ujrah, namun dalam praktiknya mengandung risiko wanprestasi dari nasabah maupun potensi ketidakadilan dalam proses eksekusi jaminan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah selaku rahin dan BMT UGT selaku murtahin dalam produk pembiayaan jaminan emas di BMT UGT Nusantara Capem Donomulyo. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan mengkaji kesesuaian implementasi akad rahn bil ujrah dengan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fatwa DSN-MUI, dan regulasi perkoperasian yang berlaku di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diambil dari wawancara mendalam terhadap pihak BMT UGT Nusantara Capem Donomulyo serta nasabah pengguna produk pinjaman jaminan emas.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum preventif diwujudkan melalui analisis kelayakan 5C, standarisasi jaminan emas minimal 16 karat, serta transparansi biaya ujrah. Perlindungan represif dilakukan melalui musyawarah, pemberian tiga surat peringatan, dan eksekusi jaminan melalui kuasa jual (tauliyyah). Implementasi akad rahn bil ujrah secara umum telah memenuhi rukun dan syarat rahn menurut jumhur ulama serta sejalan dengan substansi Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 92/2014.

Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Pembiayaan Jaminan Emas, Rahn Bil Ujrah, Wanprestasi.

Abstract. Gold collateral financing is a flagship product of KSPPS BMT UGT Nusantara that employs the rahn bil ujrah contract. However, in practice it carries risks of default by customers as well as the potential for unfairness in the collateral execution process. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for customers as rahin and BMT UGT as murtahin in the gold collateral financing product at BMT UGT Nusantara Sub-Branch Donomulyo. In addition, this study also examines the conformity of the implementation of the rahn bil ujrah contract with Islamic Economic Law, DSN-MUI Fatwas, and cooperative regulations applicable in Indonesia. This research is an empirical legal study employing a qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with staff of BMT UGT Nusantara Sub-Branch Donomulyo and customers using the gold collateral loan product. The results indicate that preventive legal protection is realized through 5C feasibility analysis, standardization of gold collateral at a minimum of 16 carats, and transparency of ujrah fees. Repressive protection is carried out through deliberation, the issuance of three warning letters, and collateral execution via a power of sale (tauliyyah). The implementation of the rahn bil ujrah contract has generally fulfilled the pillars and conditions of rahn according to the majority of scholars (jumhur ulama) and is consistent with the substance of DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 92/2014.

Keywords: Legal Protection, Gold Collateral Financing, Rahn Bil Ujrah, Default