SINKRONISASI PENGATURAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN TELEMEDICINE BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG KESEHATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v8i1.73733Abstrak
Abstrak
Perkembangan Telemedicine setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan memperluas model pelayanan dari hubungan antar-fasilitas menjadi pelayanan antar-fasilitas dan antara fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dengan masyarakat. Perubahan tersebut menimbulkan kebutuhan untuk menilai apakah peraturan yang tersebar telah sinkron dan cukup memberikan parameter penyelenggaraan, sekaligus menentukan perlindungan serta pertanggungjawaban hukum para pihak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sinkronisasi dan kecukupan pengaturan Telemedicine serta bentuk perlindungan dan pertanggungjawaban hukum bagi pasien, tenaga medis, tenaga kesehatan, fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, dan Penyelenggara Sistem Elektronik (PSE). Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif dan analitis dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, perbandingan, dan kasus secara terbatas. Bahan hukum dianalisis melalui interpretasi, sinkronisasi vertikal dan horizontal, serta analisis kecukupan norma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023, PP Nomor 28 Tahun 2024, dan peraturan terkait telah sinkron pada norma pokok, sedangkan hukum kesehatan, pelindungan data pribadi, sistem elektronik, perlindungan konsumen, dan hukum perdata dapat diterapkan secara saling melengkapi. Namun, kecukupan pengaturan masih perlu diperkuat pada tingkat operasional, terutama mengenai pembedaan prosedur layanan, verifikasi STR dan SIP, asesmen dan rujukan, pembagian fungsi fasilitas dengan PSE, interoperabilitas, tata kelola data, dan pengawasan. Perlindungan hukum bersifat preventif dan represif, sedangkan pertanggungjawaban perdata, administratif, disiplin, dan pidana ditentukan menurut fungsi, kewajiban, kesalahan, hubungan sebab akibat, dan kerugian masing-masing pihak.
Kata Kunci : Telemedicine; Perlindungan Hukum; Pertanggungjawaban Hukum.
Abstract
The development of Telemedicine following the enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health has expanded service models from inter-facility arrangements to both inter-facility services and services between healthcare facilities and the public. This development requires an assessment of whether the dispersed legal framework is coherent and sufficiently operational, as well as how legal protection and liability should be allocated among the parties. This study analyzes the synchronization and adequacy of Telemedicine regulation and the forms of legal protection and liability applicable to patients, medical personnel, health workers, healthcare facilities, and Electronic System Providers (ESPs). It employs normative legal research with prescriptive and analytical characteristics, using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and limited case approaches. Legal materials are examined through legal interpretation, vertical and horizontal synchronization, and normative adequacy analysis. The study finds that Law Number 17 of 2023, Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024, and related implementing regulations are vertically coherent at the level of core norms, while health law, personal data protection law, electronic systems law, consumer protection law, and civil law can operate complementarily. Nevertheless, operational regulation remains incomplete, particularly regarding differentiated service procedures, verification of professional registration and practice licenses, assessment and referral parameters, allocation of functions between healthcare facilities and ESPs, interoperability, data governance, and integrated supervision. Legal protection is both preventive and repressive, while civil, administrative, disciplinary, and criminal liability must be determined according to each party's actual function, legal duty, fault, causation, and resulting loss.
Keywords: Telemedicine; Legal Protection; Legal Liability.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 A.Melantik Rompegading, Dian Eka Kusuma Wardani, Muhammad Taslim

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