PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM PLATFORM E-COMMERCE TERHADAP KERUGIAN KONSUMEN AKIBAT PENIPUAN SOCIAL ENGINEERING

Abstrak

Abstrak

Perkembangan perdagangan berbasis sistem elektronik (e-commerce) telah meningkatkan kemudahan dan efisiensi transaksi bagi konsumen. Namun, kemajuan tersebut juga diikuti munculnya risiko kejahatan digital, salah satunya social engineering, yaitu penipuan yang memanfaatkan informasi transaksi, kepercayaan pengguna, serta kelemahan dalam ekosistem digital untuk memperoleh keuntungan secara melawan hukum. Persoalan hukum menjadi semakin kompleks ketika pelaku merupakan pihak ketiga, sementara informasi dan fasilitas yang digunakan dalam menjalankan modus penipuan berasal dari platform e-commerce. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum platform e-commerce atas kerugian konsumen akibat social engineering serta mengidentifikasi upaya perlindungan dan pemulihan hak konsumen. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologi hukum dan studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab platform tidak serta-merta gugur karena penipuan dilakukan pihak ketiga. Sebagai Penyelenggara Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik, platform berkewajiban memastikan keamanan sistem, menjaga informasi transaksi dan data konsumen, serta menyediakan mekanisme pengaduan dan penyelesaian sengketa. Kasus pengguna Shopee di Pringsewu dengan kerugian Rp28.500.000 menunjukkan bahwa informasi pengiriman dapat dieksploitasi sebagai sarana social engineering. Karena itu, pertanggungjawaban perlu didasarkan pada proporsionalitas, dengan memperhatikan kewajiban hukum, kendali platform, langkah pencegahan, dan hubungan kausal dengan kerugian konsumen.

Kata Kunci: e-commerce, perlindungan konsumen, pertanggungjawaban platform, social engineering.

Abstract

The development of electronic system-based commerce (e-commerce) has increased the ease and efficiency of transactions for consumers. However, this advancement is also accompanied by the emergence of digital crime risks, one of which is social engineering, a scam that exploits transaction information, user trust, and weaknesses in the digital ecosystem to gain unlawful benefits. Legal issues become increasingly complex when the perpetrator is a third party, while the information and facilities used to carry out the fraudulent scheme originate from the e-commerce platform. This research aims to examine the legal liability of e-commerce platforms for consumer losses due to social engineering and to identify efforts to protect and restore consumer rights. The research uses an empirical juridical method with a legal sociology approach and case studies. Data were collected thru interviews and literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method. The research results show that the platform's responsibility is not automatically absolved because the fraud was committed by a third party. As an Organizer of Electronic System Trading, the platform is obligated to ensure system security, maintain transaction information and consumer data, and provide complaint and dispute resolution mechanisms. The case of a Shopee user in Pringsewu with a loss of Rp28,500,000 shows that shipping information can be exploited as a means of social engineering. Therefore, accountability needs to be based on proportionality, taking into account legal obligations, platform control, preventive measures, and the causal relationship with consumer losses.

Keywords: e-commerce, consumer protection, platform accountability, social engineering